Part 1 of 2: Inchoate reply on day 54/55 of the 2022 war
I'm not so sure about the military leadership part. Detail are still very fuzzy.
1. There is nothing fuzzy about the Russian defeat at Kyiv. Many troops particularly of the ill-fated push through the Pripyet marshes North West of Kyiv had lived in horrible conditions in Belarus for weeks and were thoroughly demoralised by the time they were sent into battle. One key detail — the Russians acted on faulty intelligence and wasted a number of their elite units on a heliborne assault on Hostomel Airport.
2. Intelligence failure can cascade and affect leadership decision making. The attack on Kyiv is an example of that.
Would Russian commanders been able to produce better results if they weren't hampered by political decisions from the very onset?
3. No. The initial operational plan to advance on multiple fronts did not work — as the logistics trains failed to deliver — too many were being destroyed while attempting to keep the BTGs supplied. There are
studies on Russian BTGs and how they and their proxy forces can be defeated. There are ways to hinder BTG advance and buy time.
(a) In early Aug 2014, Ukraine’ 95th Air Assault Brigade (Mechanized) conducted the largest and longest armored raid behind enemy lines in recorded military history. The 95th was comprised of two mechanized- infantry battalions, one tank battalion and a battalion of self-propelled artillery. The brigade attacked on multiple parallel axes of advance, and combined-arms company-sized teams penetrated the thinly defended separatists’ positions and regrouped in the rear. The brigade then penetrated in depth along the two separatist regions’ internal border and maneuvered 200 kilometers east along the southern border of the Donbass. They destroyed and captured Russian tanks and artillery, relieved several isolated Ukrainian garrisons and, finally, returned to their starting position near Slovyansk. They marched 450 kilometers behind enemy lines and brought back captured Russian armor and heavy artillery as well. The raid achieved its objective of relieving Ukrainian forces in the separatist provinces, and it proved that Russian regular units were operating in Ukraine.
(b) From July 2014 to Feb 2015, a reinforced Ukrainian Army mechanized brigade defended the key road-rail junction of Debaltseve for five months, even though it was slowly being encircled by Russian- supported separatist units. Russian President Vladimir Putin used this as leverage in the ongoing Minsk II ceasefire negotiations, which only reinforced Ukrainian determination to hold it. Finally, Russia concentrated massive artillery strikes and armored assaults (including the use of T-90 tanks), which finally broke into the town of Debaltseve. Cut off, the Ukrainian brigade exfiltrated through the wooded countryside on foot, leaving behind their heavy equipment and supplies. Despite this, the brigade was able to reconstitute a new defensive line 30 kilometers to the rear because Russian and separatist forces were unable to exploit the success.
(c) In the Feb to Apr 2022 battles, something like 20% of Russian BTGs became combat ineffective. In any war, that is a defeat. Despite its numerous issues during this war, the Russian Army can still inflict a lot of damage with artillery, and armour. Ukraine will find it difficult to defend when these capabilities are used effectively on specific objectives. There is one other thing the Russians have going for them — the ability to mass their forces.
Even if we go on the basis that at a tactical level the training of many junior Russian commanders leave a lot to be desired; would this have been offset by sound direction and planning at a higher operational and strategic level?
4. No, it will not work given the unexpected level of enemy resistance and the corresponding lack of willingness of some Russian units to fight — the enemy has a vote. The Russians have no NCOs that takes proper care of the enlisted personnel. This is how the Russian Army ended up with demoralised, malnourished, frostbitten enlisted soldiers. Further, prior Russian intelligence also did not provide for the level of Western weapons shipments into Ukraine, that was used with good effect to attack supply lines.
5. Now that the Americans are shipping artillery rounds and Switchblades, the Ukrainian Army can take some risk in having more ambitious operational plans. ISW has reported on the series of Ukrainian actions starting on 16 April 2022 southeast of Kharkiv, were successful. They managed to take several small towns on 17-18 April 2022. Ukrainian forces reportedly seized Bazaliivka, Lebyazhe, and Kutuzivka and claimed to capture several unspecified villages near Izyum. This Ukrainian offensive will likely force Russian forces to divert some of the combat power intended for the stalled Izyum axis to defend against Ukrainian advances.
What's certain is that the Russians and the Soviets before them have a long tradition of thoroughly analysing things with regards to lessons learnt on an intellectual academic basis/level.
6. We will find out in 2 to 3 weeks if the Russians can learn, as the fight shifts to terrain that suits the BTGs.
On the part of the political leadership; they have woken up from their slumber and realise that they miscalculated badly in assuming that the Ukrainians wouldn't fight so effectively and with such determination.
7. No, that is not the case — if you don’t mind me being direct on a minor area of disagreement. The Russian political leadership are in a deep slumber.
8. It is possible, I may have misunderstood your point. Please give examples to make your case and I will attempt to refute them point by point.
The question now is whether the political leadership enables military commander greater leeway?
9. Does it matter?