Tank programs in Europe at my last check
K2PL With the Poles working with the Koreans to build a manufacturing plant for K2 in Poland for both domestic and export it seems like that will be the best bet.
The Franco Germanic MGCS won’t be available for atleast another decade. It’s a Frankenstein’s monster at this point. The hull of a German leopard 2, the turret of a French Leclerc the gun of another French Leclerc. Optics and systems pulled from all other the place. The 140mm is experimental.
Rhinemetall Kf51 Panther will require more work to complete. At this point it requires a new hull and the 130mm ammunition supply isn’t in production. It’s probably also a decade away.
Challanger 3 lines are not active in the UK and as a overhaul it’s not an export option. Later decades it will be available
Leopard 2 is also primarily overhauling older tanks but with the German military readiness rates and decades of peace Dividend, big question on if they could meet market demand. Italy is said to be working to acquire a number in supplement to the C1.
C1 Areste line long closed Italy did not modernize as they should have. Now rushing to overhaul.
Leclerc line is closed. Overhauling MBT to Scorpion.
Abrams yes the American Abrams. Is getting around european nations as backfill. A1 versions and A2 versions are being delivered and developed. However No new Abrams hull has come off the line in decades. These are all refits and overhauls most of the back fill is coming from US Army prepositioned storage in Europe with Poland having a large standing order being rebuilt in the US
Altay is an option if they feel they could justify the expense and option to get into licensing. however it’s long delayed and that delay isn’t just the Koreans it’s the Turks trying to find the never ending engine drama. German, Ukrainian now Korean… I am sure they will claim Turkish in a few years.
Frankly right now more demand than supply. Poland was already pushing an ambitious Tank modernization program that called for the largest tank army in Europe based on K2 and Abrams.
Then Russia invaded Ukraine.
With the pax Europe basically over the sudden restart of war programs it questionable whether even preserved Soviet based MBT production would be viable. I mean if the 125mm is going to Ukraine and having seen many of the latest versions of those vehicles base models blown apart… it seems like resources on procurement might be better spent on standardizing to NATO spec for logistics.
Short term the US and Germany might be able to backfill some nations but that back fill is taxing. The Germans had only X number ready to roll from storage and the Prepositioned stores of the US European forces are looking rather thin.
Because Some tanks are better than no tanks the Merkava 2/3 order makes sense probably for back fill. Depending on versions these tanks already meet NATO standards and at the very least can be used to retrain a long dormant tank force.
Mid term though European defense and western defense industry bases were allowed to grow thin. Ukraine war has forced NATO to hit the gym and bulk up like Harry Spotter.
In the mid term my expectations are More Leopard 2 orders however the German market means that for many of the states closer to Russia and farther from Berlin the cost point on the latest Leopards makes them less an option, more Abrams back fill with some becoming permanent seems likely but similar issue on cost.
As the Polish K2PL line opens I expect a number of states in Europe to start buying off it both K2 and the heavier K2PL configurations have potential for a number of Eastern NATO/EU states and the Korean and Polish labor costs are fairly low. Which if they can meet demand may push it ahead of the German. The Koreans seem very happy to give generous terms of use and licenses. We might even see a few more modern Merkava pop up. At the very least the Trophy system.
To our Europe first friend. in the end The EU is a loose confederation and each nation in that confederation has its own economy and military needs to consider along side those of the NATO.
Even if the Tank a nation buys is a Korean design, it’s likely that the version used will be a conglomerate of Asian, European, American and even Israeli systems and components. The Merkava is a perfect example of this. It’s using a German transmission, German/American Engine, Belgian Machine guns, American radios. Abrams has a similar breakdown of parts and systems from across the world. Even Leopard 2 has some American parts and has since the first versions.