Those Donetsk & Luhansk militia had homes, jobs, votes, representatives in the Ukrainian parliament, schools teaching in Russia, & they'd had friendly Ukrainian presidents, until one of them got too greedy & overdid the corruption. Then Russian provocateurs & organisers arrived, with Russian money & weapons. Remember Igor Ivanovich Strelkov (real name Igor Girkin)? One of the leaders of the pro-Russian uprising in Donetsk & Luhansk - Russian, ex-Russian army officer, & an FSB officer. He wasn't the only one. By an amazing coincidence, those two oblasts suddenly rose up against the government in Kyiv just after that lot arrived. He was defence minister of the so-called Donetsk Peoples Republic for a while, until he fell out with the prime minister, Alexander Borodai - another Russian, currently a member of the Russian State Duma for United Russia, i.e. Putin's party.
Yes, a complete coincidence. Come on, you know very well that both the uprising and the arrival of Girkin (he did not come alone by the way) were a response to a third event, the completely illegal and illegitimate violent overthrow of an elected sitting president by a minority.
Yes, there were divisions in Ukraine, but I doubt they'd have turned into a civil war if Putin hadn't organised, armed, & provided leaders for separatist units, many of the members of which were from Russia. Look at Moldova & Georgia. Isn't it an amazing coincidence that independent-minded former Soviet republics have this happen to them? Belarus avoids it by being a subject state, not truly independent, & Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania by being in NATO.
One could argue that the root cause is local nationalism leading to discriminatory practices against large and historically rooted Russian minorities living in the area. After 20+ years of being part of Ukraine, Crimea was just as ready to be part of Russia as it was in the '90s, to the point where the Ukrainian army didn't want to fight, and the local government switched national allegiances wholesale.
BTW, by all accounts, the Russian army is conscripting Ukrainians from Donbas to use as cannon-fodder. It can't get away with it in Russia, but its power over the population of the separatist regions in Ukraine is untrammelled. I can't help wondering how many of those conscripts would prefer to be back in pre-2014 Ukraine now. I don't think their lives have improved in the slightest since Putin carved their puppet states out of Ukraine.
How many of Ukraine's ordinary citizens would prefer to be in pre-maydan Ukraine though? It's not as if life improved on the other side of the front line either.
You're not wrong about the nature of the rebel administrations though. They've lost what independence they ever had and now de-facto Russian-installed authoritarians. The region is also significant less open to foreign press, and there are fewer civil rights inside the LDNR then in Russia.
"Finished" in the sense of clearly being unable to achieve the stated war goals. Once the RU units near Kherson are surrendered/retreated, what can the RU hope to accomplish ? Grind another month to take Siversk or Bahkmut ? If the Kharkov region was this thin, how about other regions ?
UKR is riding the wave right now, as their economy is propped up by the west, the military is supplied by the west, and compared to RU those are endless coffers....for now. As for manpower, I do not believe their losses are worse than the RU; but lets be honest, we are all guessing on that issue.
For all the tough talk coming from Kiev, I suspect they will have to give up something to RU to end this. Maybe offer "DPR/LPR/Crimea - pick 2 of 3" to RU and see what happens.
Kharkov was a secondary if not tertiary front ever since the withdrawal from the north. Russia had faced a successfuly, though much smaller and poorly executed, Ukrainian offensive there before, and it recaptured a few villages. Again the pattern was too few heavy Russian combat troops, too many Troops of Interior/LDNR reservists, etc. Ukraine commited huge forces to the Kherson offensive, yet hasn't gotten anything close to the results they got in Kharkov region. Kharkov and Zaporozhye are probably where Russian forces are thinnest, the LDNR front probably has the most, with Kherson somewhere in between. Again this is just napkin math based on what I've observed.
But to man those Russian separatist units is taking semi-random conscription, e.g. workplaces being given quotas to fill, & conscripts being sent to the front with minimal training. You think those conscripts are well-motivated? The evidence is that apart from a hard core of dedicated nationalists, their morale is pretty low. Many appear to be either running, or surrendering.
Morale is highly inconsistent. And it strongly depends on the level of fighting, and the experience the unit has. A reservist unit staffed heavily from Donetsk itself, whose members have had friends and family killed by Ukrainian shelling, that spends 2-3 months in "hot" static positions, occasionally fighting Ukrainian forces, will do much better against an actual Ukrainian offensive, then an LNR unit, recruited from a more rural part, away from the old front line, and that first sits in rear checkpoints with no sign of combat, and then gets rotated to the quietest front line with 0 action, only to then face a robust mechanized assault, and will be far likelier to break and run.