Royal New Zealand Air Force

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
Appreciate your comments. Gooey - particularly in respect of the plotting against the RNZAF at the time. Even the cartoonists noticed!

View attachment 48804
My attempted point about drones is really about a emergency response to a (possible? likely?) threat, rather than - as you state - the need for a properly planned and operational force structure over the longer-term.
There is evidently no bipartisan appetite to invest in ACF training and assets, given the usual can-kicking inertia in government. Drones appear to be the only option for a strike capability which is able to be rapidly implemented, shown by the notable example of Turkey's successes in using and selling the cost-effective Bayraktar TB-2 in real wars.
The Turkish UCAV were not used in contested airspace and that's a big difference. How would have they performed against manned interceptors, and good GBADS? What about in an EW environment? What if their satellites are knocked out? Then their are the signal latency issues which are a real problem during combat, and they aren't that economical when you look at the overall costs. People tend to forget about the ground based infrastructure such as the ground based control stations and uplinks. They don't come cheap. You sill have to pay for pilots and maintenance and all those associated operational costs. Finally the NZG is risk adverse in its defence procurement now and as a general rule will will only go with platforms that are in use with FVEY partners. So at the present point in time UCAV as a fast jet replacement is a non starter.

UPDATE: Radio news has said that first RNZAF Herc is due to land in Tonga within the hour.
 

Gracie1234

Well-Known Member
I agree the closest NZ will get to strike again will be the P8 and drones such as a Loyal Wingman type. Those will be able to cover the traditional roles.
 

STURM

Well-Known Member
Drones appear to be the only option for a strike capability which is able to be rapidly implemented, shown by the notable example of Turkey's successes in using and selling the cost-effective Bayraktar TB-2 in real wars.
Maybe but the fact remains that whether in Afghanistan, Iraq, Nargano Karabakh or Libya; UASs have not been faced with a threat in the form of manned air assets; an effective and integrated GBAD or EW. Take the Ukraine as an example; if the Russians do invade I'd be interested to see how the Ukrainians will be able to operate their UASs in the face of Russian hard and soft kill options.
 

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
I agree the closest NZ will get to strike again will be the P8 and drones such as a Loyal Wingman type. Those will be able to cover the traditional roles.
On what evidence do to you base that?, Especially the last sentence.
 

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
On another note, looks like P-3K2 Orion NZ4206 completed its RNZAF service with its final flight landing at Woodbourne today.

RNZAF No:
NZ4206
USN S/No:
BU155291
Type:
P-3K
Construction No:
185B-5401
Notes:
Delivered to the RAAF in April 1968 as P-3B model with serial A9-291.
Bought from the RAAF by RNZAF in May 1985 for NZ$19 million and serialled as NZ4206.
Modified to P-3K. Source.


 

ASSAIL

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
On another note, looks like P-3K2 Orion NZ4206 completed its RNZAF service with its final flight landing at Woodbourne today.

RNZAF No:
NZ4206
USN S/No:
BU155291
Type:
P-3K
Construction No:
185B-5401
Notes:
Delivered to the RAAF in April 1968 as P-3B model with serial A9-291.
Bought from the RAAF by RNZAF in May 1985 for NZ$19 million and serialled as NZ4206.
Modified to P-3K. Source.


Holy sh…! 1968, that’s the year I joined up at the ripe old age of 21.
I’ve had two shoulder replacements and a knee replacement so I guess that makes NZ 4206 and me very similar ;)
 

Mikeymike

Active Member
I am intriqued as to why the Quigley Report thought attack helicopters (with the usual tandem seating/no cargo capacities) could be useful in civil defence situations. Was it (perhaps) based on the superior optics and communications capabilities of the available types at the time? I am unaware - and happy to be corrected - of other militaries deploying their attack helicopter assets to respond to natural disasters & civil emergencies.
Probably not what was envisioned when the report was written, but seems they are sometimes of use as shown by Australia using the Tiger ARH in the bushfire response - Source
 

Gracie1234

Well-Known Member
On what evidence do to you base that?, Especially the last sentence.
I do not have evidence for my statement, as the technology is not there yet, but it is where i understand UAV technology is heading. The large UAVs like Loyal Wingman are being built to partner with manned craft, they will have the basic flight abilities of the partner aircraft such as speed and range. They are being built with stealth characteristics and the ability to deliver weapons. Due to the time to mature a manned strike wing for NZ it might best to focus on UAV based capability. A P8 and Loyal Wingman UAV combination would be a significant capability.
Sixth generations combat aircraft are being built with the ability to be optionally manned, so in some respects, they are an optionally manned UAV.
I accept i am not a defence professional but i do see a huge shift in how effects will be delivered due to the development of technology.
 

Kiwigov

Member
The Turkish UCAV were not used in contested airspace and that's a big difference. How would have they performed against manned interceptors, and good GBADS? What about in an EW environment? What if their satellites are knocked out? Then their are the signal latency issues which are a real problem during combat, and they aren't that economical when you look at the overall costs. People tend to forget about the ground based infrastructure such as the ground based control stations and uplinks. They don't come cheap. You sill have to pay for pilots and maintenance and all those associated operational costs. Finally the NZG is risk adverse in its defence procurement now and as a general rule will will only go with platforms that are in use with FVEY partners. So at the present point in time UCAV as a fast jet replacement is a non starter.
I defer to your points, clearly the tech is not there yet. It does seem to be the direction of travel though, particularly as simulator tech means drone pilots could be trained without the use of expensive actual aircraft. If Australia's Loyal Wingman programme works - and is put into production - then presumably would be a case for RNZAF to buy/lease at least a couple to gain familiarity with the systems of our key ally. On a side note, I recall this forum referred to a proposal (two years ago?) to Ministers Peters and Mark for NZ to operate a few 'Sea Guardian' drones, wonder if the next iteration of the Defence Capability Plan will signal this.
 

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
I do not have evidence for my statement, as the technology is not there yet, but it is where i understand UAV technology is heading. The large UAVs like Loyal Wingman are being built to partner with manned craft, they will have the basic flight abilities of the partner aircraft such as speed and range. They are being built with stealth characteristics and the ability to deliver weapons. Due to the time to mature a manned strike wing for NZ it might best to focus on UAV based capability. A P8 and Loyal Wingman UAV combination would be a significant capability.
Sixth generations combat aircraft are being built with the ability to be optionally manned, so in some respects, they are an optionally manned UAV.
I accept i am not a defence professional but i do see a huge shift in how effects will be delivered due to the development of technology.
Loyal Wingman is a joint research and proof of concept program between Boeing Australia and the RAAF. It's not an ADF acquisition program and is not intended to be an operational UCAV. To whit:

"The Loyal Wingman uncrewed aircraft is a pathfinder for the integration of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence to create smart human-machine teams. It is the result of an exciting collaboration between Air Force and Boeing Australia.
The Loyal Wingman will have a range of more than 3,700 kilometers and has been designed to fly as a partner with crewed Air Force platforms. It enables Defence to investigate factors such as the level of automation and autonomy, use of artificial intelligence, and human machine teaming concepts that will ensure Australia’s legal and ethical obligations are met." Loyal Wingman | Royal Australian Air Force

Nothing there says anything about it being a UCAV, and that's the problem with too many people thinking it's a weapons program of note when it isn't. Certain Aussie posters are quite loquacious about it when in fact the facts don't support them. A follow on program, if one occurs, will be the operation UCAV program of record.

Yes, technology advances and like you I do keep an eye on it and I do see the advantages of it for NZDF, however as @MrConservative and I have repeatedly stated, NZG is now risk adverse and less adventurous (rightly so IMHO) in its defence procurement. I think that the penny has finally dropped that they have to be wise in their procurement decision:
  • that the cheapest is not the best,
  • that the flashest looking kit in a brochure isn't the best if it hasn't been built,
  • that orphan platforms (especially aviation) are expensive to operate and own,
  • that commonality with platforms operated by FVEY partners is the most cost efficient option in the long term.
6th Gen combat aircraft are concept, paper aircraft at the moment and at present it appears that none will be in operation for at least 15 years, so for the purposes of this discussion they're fantasy fleet, as are UCAV replacing the A-4K Skyhawks in the ACF role, just because the reliable technology doesn't exist at the moment and won't for quite a while. Also you are forgetting the legal and ethical questions that will be debated in NZ (rightly so) about UCAV and especially AI enabled UCAV being used in combat.

So it comes back to a crewed ACF which is the correct and logical way to go. Cost wise they would be similar, except when measured in human lives (aircrew).
I defer to your points, clearly the tech is not there yet. It does seem to be the direction of travel though, particularly as simulator tech means drone pilots could be trained without the use of expensive actual aircraft. If Australia's Loyal Wingman programme works - and is put into production - then presumably would be a case for RNZAF to buy/lease at least a couple to gain familiarity with the systems of our key ally. On a side note, I recall this forum referred to a proposal (two years ago?) to Ministers Peters and Mark for NZ to operate a few 'Sea Guardian' drones, wonder if the next iteration of the Defence Capability Plan will signal this.
WRT MQ-9B SeaGuardian, nothing has been heard about it and I would surmise that the current govt wouldn't be to keen on the idea at the moment. However the ADF are acquiring them and the RAF the MQ-9B SkyGuardian, so there is the commonality argument there, which could sway them. A SeaGuardian system comprising of 4 MQ-9B RPAS + 2 fixed ground stations + 2 mobile ground stations costs about US$600,000 which is around NZ$1 billion. This data was taken from a Taiwanese DCSA request.

MQ-9B SkyGuardian / SeaGuardian | General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc. (ga-asi.com)
 

Gooey

Well-Known Member
It's certainly an interesting discussion.
Allowing for the difference b/w the current NZG Defence Policy and an accelerated, kinetic capability, the 'combat' UAS platforms have several issues. Both operational limitations in a contested environment (as discussed), cost (EG. $1B NZD), and mission limitations WRT the flexibility that a manned system such as F-35 gives.
Now while I'm a C-130 navigator by trade, I hope I'm not too much of a dinosaur. Including that I know that UAS types have relevant advantages. For South Pacific ISR and over-watch (with/out weapons) missions, this includes endurance and persistence from an MQ-9B type.
For the Loyal Wingman, I suspect their mission sets are more akin to close-in EW decoys, weapons carriers, and additional ISR of different flavors. All of them, probably require some sort of modern fast jet capability for use.
Again, if I were KFAD, I'd vote for manned systems due to their mission flexibility, and therefore cost efficiency, over specialist UAS's.
 

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
It's certainly an interesting discussion.
Allowing for the difference b/w the current NZG Defence Policy and an accelerated, kinetic capability, the 'combat' UAS platforms have several issues. Both operational limitations in a contested environment (as discussed), cost (EG. $1B NZD), and mission limitations WRT the flexibility that a manned system such as F-35 gives.
Now while I'm a C-130 navigator by trade, I hope I'm not too much of a dinosaur. Including that I know that UAS types have relevant advantages. For South Pacific ISR and over-watch (with/out weapons) missions, this includes endurance and persistence from an MQ-9B type.
For the Loyal Wingman, I suspect their mission sets are more akin to close-in EW decoys, weapons carriers, and additional ISR of different flavors. All of them, probably require some sort of modern fast jet capability for use.
Again, if I were KFAD, I'd vote for manned systems due to their mission flexibility, and therefore cost efficiency, over specialist UAS's.
Let me repeat myself The Loyal Wingman has no combat / surveillance mission sets at all. C/REF my post above. It is a joint research and proof of concept program between Boeing Australia and the RAAF. I dislike repeating myself and have lost count of the times that I have had to repeat this point on the Aussie threads. Must be their convict genes or something :D

The definition of dinosaur depends upon if you were a Herc Nav when they first arrived, or during the 1990s. If you served as a Nav on the Hastings, best three engined aircraft RNZAF ever had, then you may qualify as a late Jurassic dinosaur.

The P-8A Poseidon has the ability to remotely operate some UAV, although it was intended to partner with the MQ-4C Triton. However the USN has gone cold on the idea because of the cost overruns and continual delays. At the moment the RAAF appear to be the only ones going with the Triton. The flyaway cost of the platform itself is almost as much as the Poseidon, then you have to pay for base stations and everything else associated with it. The base stations aren't cheap either and I am given to under cost the equivalent of the flyaway cost for 2 - 3 Poseidons. To put that in perspective, the NZMOD have found over time that as a rule of thumb with aviation acquisitions, all the extras such as maintenance, spares, training, manuals, simulators etc., can add an extra 50% to the flyaway cost of each aircraft. However that excludes the operational costs such as weapons, personnel costs, fuel etc, although that is calculated for the TOLC (Term Of Life Costs) and WOLC (Whole Of Life Costs) which include estimates of everything including in the case of 5 Sqn, their inflight gastronomic expectations, :p The P-8A galley is going to be a big come down. :D

Whilst some people think that a future RNZAF ACF should include the F-35, I would hold off on that and for the start IF we stand up an ACF 2.0 a 4+ or 4++ Gen capability would be far more appropriate because we will have to crawl, walk, run, again with our hands being held by other FVEY air arms and civilian DACT contractors. Also contrary to what others have been saying, I have been informed through back channels that it would take 10 years for NZ to fully stand up an ACF. 20 or so years after acquisition of the fast jets it is possible that we could skip the 5th Gen aircraft and go straight to 6th Gen if the capabilities, economics etc., were right.

Don't get me wrong I would love for an ACF to be re-established, but given NZ pollies and their distain towards defence, I don't hold my breath. Also Treasury fought for over 30 years to get rid of the ACF and I don't see them giving in meekly to establishing another one. They will fight tooth and nail against it.
 

Gooey

Well-Known Member
Thanks, ngatamozart for your points.
The only 2 prickly pears for me are:
1) that Loyal Wingman is probably intended, unofficially, to be more than a simple R&D project. I have no evidence for that thought bubble, but plenty of circumstantial conversations with mates and the requirement for assumed capabilities. I'd punt that much depends on the progress of current flight testing, followed by more announcements;
2) If ACF were to come back, let us hope, then the only answer is F-35 WRT mission flexibility, survival, cost efficiency, and Allied compatibility. I'd offer the outrageous suggestion that F-35B would be suitable for a niche RNZAF role considering our South Pacific AO, small numbers, and some RAN LHD support. These are the same reasons that Singapore concluded. I certainly know that any ACF 2.0 will be a long and complicated, decades-long and multi-$B, program.
 

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
Thanks, ngatamozart for your points.
The only 2 prickly pears for me are:
1) that Loyal Wingman is probably intended, unofficially, to be more than a simple R&D project. I have no evidence for that thought bubble, but plenty of circumstantial conversations with mates and the requirement for assumed capabilities. I'd punt that much depends on the progress of current flight testing, followed by more announcements;
No probs. I would also add that the ADF doesn't have the best record for the introduction of Australianised new technologies.
2) If ACF were to come back, let us hope, then the only answer is F-35 WRT mission flexibility, survival, cost efficiency, and Allied compatibility. I'd offer the outrageous suggestion that F-35B would be suitable for a niche RNZAF role considering our South Pacific AO, small numbers, and some RAN LHD support. These are the same reasons that Singapore concluded. I certainly know that any ACF 2.0 will be a long and complicated, decades-long and multi-$B, program.
Let's kill the RAN LHD argument straight away. The RAN LHDs are not capable of operating the F-35B or even the AV-8B Harrier because they don't have the fuel or munitions capabilities required for such operations. The Spanish Navy JC1, of which the RAN LHDs are are variant of, does have that capability. The ADF Australianised the design and as such removed those capabilities.

Secondly, there are no plans at the moment to operate fast jets off any RAN flat tops. That may change BUT there is no indication of such a policy yet.

Thirdly, the RAN LHDs are flat out with their current capability requirements and to utilise one of them for something other than that will halve the ADF amphibious capability, which is not an option.

Finally, the Moderators have banned the discussion of fast jets operating off ADF flat tops because it is a fantasy fleet topic that got completely out of hand. However we had done the same with RAN SSNs and look what happened :)

I have looked at the F-35B for bare field operations but the cost of acquisition and operation is a tad to expensive. Of the three variants it is the most expensive across all facets and has the shortest range. We are no longer going to be fighting in the Middle East or Europe, but in the Indo-Pacific and it will be a series of campaigns very similar to the PTO of WW2; a war fought from the sea and air domains with the the two new cyber and space domains added in. Hence, IMHO, we actually require strong maritime combat and surveillance capabilities in both the air and maritime domains supported by capabilities from the cyber and space domains. That means an ACF with a maritime strike focus and a strong NCF (Naval Combat Force). For that role I would give serious consideration to the F-15EX because it has both the long range and weapons loadout capability that make it ideal for such a capability. If used in partnership with RAAF or Coalition F-35 platforms it would make for quite a deadly combination.
 

Rob c

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
My view is that the formation of ACF 2 would be a very long process and we would not be looking at the need for a modern combat aircraft to be delivered for some time in excess of 10 years. The reason for this would be that it takes a long time to get the people involved with the necessary training and EXPERIENCE in the command and control functions needed to have an effective unit. We don't even have the qualified people needed to be able to select suitable pilots for ACF training. As Ngati pointed out, we need to Crawl, Walk and then run. While I would like to see a modern advance trainer with a combat capability fairly early in the process, a reasonably up to date 4th generation second hand aircraft would get an ACF up and running and enable us to get the experience and tactical know how to form an effective AFC in some 15 to 20 years time. I watched the RSAF start from scratch when building their ACF with second hand Hunters and Skyhawks. They had their struggles and it took time, but look at them now.
Getting F35's or similar anytime soon is completely out of the question.
 

Gooey

Well-Known Member
Agreed to both. Particularly time , $, crawl/walk etc.
But the 10 year goal should be jet trainers, build up knowledge, and buy F-35s. Everything else for a small, FVEY, AF is chaff-just like the P-8 decision.
Certainly highlighting just how stupid the ACF disbanding was, to our nation’s capability.
Back to the breaky G&Ts!
 

John Fedup

The Bunker Group
My view is that the formation of ACF 2 would be a very long process and we would not be looking at the need for a modern combat aircraft to be delivered for some time in excess of 10 years. The reason for this would be that it takes a long time to get the people involved with the necessary training and EXPERIENCE in the command and control functions needed to have an effective unit. We don't even have the qualified people needed to be able to select suitable pilots for ACF training. As Ngati pointed out, we need to Crawl, Walk and then run. While I would like to see a modern advance trainer with a combat capability fairly early in the process, a reasonably up to date 4th generation second hand aircraft would get an ACF up and running and enable us to get the experience and tactical know how to form an effective AFC in some 15 to 20 years time. I watched the RSAF start from scratch when building their ACF with second hand Hunters and Skyhawks. They had their struggles and it took time, but look at them now.
Getting F35's or similar anytime soon is completely out of the question.
One possible solution should the Geopolitical situation force the NZ government into a crash ACF program could hinge on junior screwing up the RCAF fighter renewal. Buy some SHs and recruit a bunch of RCAF personnel that could get up to speed in perhaps 5 years. If the fighter replacement program falters once again, Canadian RCAF members will note what RCN members did.
 

jeffb

Member
Has there been any change to the political will of the NZ government at all recently that suggest that reestablishing an ACF is anything other than fantasy?

"Let me repeat myself The Loyal Wingman has no combat / surveillance mission sets at all."

That is a very curious statement but keep on keeping on...
 

Gooey

Well-Known Member
The very recent NZ MoD Defence Assessment 2021 should have sounded alarm bells, publicly, within the government but there is zero evidence that this has happened other than platitudes from the local village idiot who is DefMin: "People, Infrastructure, Pacific". IMHO, the opposite is happening with funding being spent on COVID ops instead of budgeted programs such as Enhanced Maritime Awareness Capability (which seems to have shrunk/evolved from a $600m aviation/UAS platform to become a several $m commercial surveillance system).
So, the short answer: fantasy.
While Rome burns, I sit back and think of past RNZAF glory and thinking of what could have been with an F-16 fleet ACF now.
 
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