Russia - General Discussion.

Well you are not the first time that saying anyone critical to Western data and believe is anti west bias.
Did I say or imply that? No - I didn’t. Attributing things to me I never said or implied doesn’t help your case, and it makes it hard to take the rest seriously - especially when pushback leads straight to emotional and ad hominem responses.

I’ll put you on ignore now. This isn’t a sound or sober exchange.
 
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Ananda

The Bunker Group
said it was from the Central Propaganda Department of the CCP. That’s just their name, don’t blame me.
So, it is still an article on what they are trading and what they are trading coming from real trade data. It is better then Bank of Finland data, that not have real first hand data on Russia Economy. Especially what Russia now trading with their trade partners.

I also put you on ingnore list, the second one on my history in this forum. Clearly bias western superiority complex person like the first one.
 
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Russia is increasingly capable of producing key military components domestically, according to The Economist.

The Economist said:
There are still constraints on Russian industry. Last year the country relied on North Korea to provide a significant proportion of artillery ammunition used in Ukraine; those stocks are not limitless. Key inputs to the artillery supply chain—chromite for barrels and cotton cellulose for propellant—still have to be imported, according to research by the Open Source Centre and the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) in London. But Russia is now able to produce some important components at home.

“In principle, there would seem to be no reason why this mobilised defence effort cannot be maintained for quite a long period of time,” writes Mr Cooper, in a recent study for the RUSI Journal which surveys many of the facilities discussed above. “It is not without irony,” concludes Mr Cooper, “that advanced Western economies may now find the need to look closely at Russia to understand how to adapt.”
 
The fact that Russia's GDP could be falling is even more significant when you consider that most of its post-invasion GDP growth has come from war-related sectors, according to the Bank of Finland.
CSIS making similar claims:
CSIS said:
This results in dislocated growth—production of everything defense-related is rising, while the rest of the economy is nearly stagnating.

Higher productivity could have partly resolved the workforce problem. However, that would have required a technological breakthrough, which has been thwarted by the continued and tightening restrictions on technological exports to Russia.
https://www.csis.org/analysis/down-not-out-russian-economy-under-western-sanctions
 

Ananda

The Bunker Group

Matter of commodities export is the main factor on Russia Economy growth slow down. The war expenditure still growing and clearly the slow down of Russia Economy is not due to MIC production factor.

Russia Economy growth still dominate by their energy industry growth. Slow down in export market due to global trade war matter more. MIC Defense production is big factor, but not the biggest one. Something that being put by Western think tank and sources as missleading bias assessment.
 

Feanor

Super Moderator
Staff member
Simple Googling can shown IMF data (which IMF taken from all Russian trade) indicating they are growing not from War Production as some in Western claim.
Do you mind sharing this data and providing some explanation of how this conclusion is derived from the data? I'll be honest, my economic knowledge is limited, so it would be interesting to see the connection. On a side note, does World Bank data show a similar picture?
 

Ananda

The Bunker Group
you mind sharing this data and providing some explanation of how this conclusion is derived from the data?
Let me give public data link from this site, as it is quite user friendly.


They are using mostly data from World Bank, but if go to IMF public data base it will shown around the same. Some statistical differences mostly due to data round up.

The GDP by sectors shown mining (commodities), manufacturing, constructions (infrastructure), public administration (Goverment Spending) and agriculture as main GDP sectors. Defense related are coming from public administration. You can click each sector and shown the trend. The War already increase significantly the government spending related to defense.

The detail trade data (at least on open source) ussualy bit laging. The overall can shown 2024, but details trend usually lag a year.


.

The GDP and trade data shown commodities still the main factor of growth. They are the main export that provide forex sources to Russia.


The consumer data shown after decline in early years of war (22) it is rebounding as big part of overall economies. See the amount of consumer spending and compare it to total GDP. Basically they make around 50% of GDP.

Thus the commodities, consumer spending and war/defense rated spending shown (as I mention before) are three main factors that Drive Russia GDP. War spending but also consumer spending increase manufacturing and trade import data (especially from China) shown capital goods import that can be use both for defense manufacturing but also consumption especially as import substitution manufacturing.

Still the commodities that provide the fuel for financing the import and Investment. Thus those three sectors are main sectors responsible for Russian GDP growth. Assesment that only put war related sector as the main growth engine really give missleading one. Thus in my book that kind of conclusion especially after see who make it, clearly political bias in nature.
 
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Somewhat related: Meduza claims (citing CMASF) there has been no industrial, non-military growth since 2023, and that private-sector investment is nearing stagnation. I can’t verify the primary source myself, as my Russian is rudimentary, but I’ll attach it as well.

meduza said:
At the same time, Russia’s civilian industries have not seen comparable growth. The picture is far less rosy when excluding the sectors with a “significant military-industrial presence” from Rosstat’s data. Analysts at the government-affiliated Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting concluded that non-military industrial production has stagnated since mid-2023. The center also found that private-sector investment activity is “close to stagnation.”

 
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So I dug a bit deeper into the report, because I think it's interesting to see how the economy is evaluated from inside Russia. ЦМАКП, while maybe not independent in the Western sense, is as far as I can tell considered reputable within Russia for macroeconomic analysis.

They state that: while headline indicators like GDP and unemployment look good, the underlying economy - particularly the civilian and private sectors - is stagnating, with growing structural risks.

Quick summary:
- GDP growth is driven by base effects and non-productive sectors.
- Industrial production outside defense is stagnant.
- Private investment and consumption are stalling.
- Inflation hits the poor hardest.
- High interest rates and a credit crunch are choking investment.
- Risk of widespread corporate bankruptcies is rising.
- Some positives remain: record-low unemployment and modest wage growth in high-demand sectors.

Relevant quotes:
I used automatic translation for most of this, so if any Russian speaker here can check whether the translations are fair, I'd really appreciate it.

Real productive growth has nearly stopped, despite reported GDP growth:
"Прирост ВВП оценивается в 3.8–4.0% [...] Однако, формально, высокие темпы роста ВВП затеняют тот факт, что по сути реальная производственная активность в экономике увеличиваться почти перестала."
→ "GDP growth is estimated at 3.8–4.0% [...] However, high headline growth rates obscure the fact that real productive activity in the economy has nearly stopped increasing."
Industrial growth is concentrated in defense-related sectors - civilian output has stagnated:
"Если же рассмотреть объем промышленного производства без учета секторов с ощутимым присутствием ОПК, следует констатировать, что стагнация наблюдается с середины 2023 г."
→ "Excluding sectors with significant military-industrial presence, stagnation has been observed since mid-2023."
Private sector investment is weak and close to stagnation:
"Текущая инвестиционная активность частного бизнеса, судя по косвенным признакам, близка к стагнационной."
→ "Current investment activity of private business, judging by indirect signs, is close to stagnation."
Inflation is structurally regressive, hitting the poor hardest:
"Рост цен по корзине «для бедных» существенно выше общего уровня инфляции."
→ "Price increases for the 'basket for the poor' are significantly higher than the overall inflation rate."
A wave of corporate bankruptcies is likely due to high debt costs:
"Российская экономика стоит перед угрозой масштабного скачка корпоративных банкротств."
→ "The Russian economy faces the threat of a large-scale surge in corporate bankruptcies."
The credit market is seizing up, limiting business investment:
"Произошло т.н. «кредитное сжатие» [...] выдачи новых банковских кредитов по наиболее значимым сегментам упали на 30–50%."
→ "A so-called ‘credit crunch’ occurred [...] loan issuance in key segments fell by 30–50%."
Unemployment is at a record low:
"Уровень безработицы в октябре-ноябре снизился до рекордно низких 2.3%."
→ "The unemployment rate in October–November declined to a record-low 2.3%."
There is still some wage growth in sectors with labor shortages:
"Сохраняется медленный рост реальной заработной платы [...] Основным фактором роста выступает сохраняющийся дефицит (квалифицированного) труда."
→ "A slow increase in real wages continues [...] The main factor behind this growth is the ongoing shortage of (qualified) labor."
Monetary supply growth isn't fueling inflation (yet):
"Его динамика де-факто не создает инфляционного давления."
→ "Its dynamics do not create inflationary pressure in practice."
Non-food consumer price inflation is moderate:
"Рост цен на непродовольственные товары [...] существенно ниже (+0.81% за декабрь, +6.12% в годовом выражении)."
→ "Price growth for non-food products was significantly lower (+0.81% in December, +6.12% year-on-year)."
 
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Fredled

Active Member
Growth in Russia has been driven basically by the melting of the sovereign fund. The money hasn't been spread evenly among all Russians, but at least, it was not given exclusively to the oligarchs. This allowed the money to be more spread among the population than before, when the oligarchs got the bulk of the profits.

Russia has become a "two speed" society: Those returning from the war in Ukraine becoming relatively rich (relatively in comparison to where they came from). They are able to by a small house or an apartment, a good car or spend as they want.

Those working in the defence industry have seen their salary increased and it compensates for inflation. They are not richer or poorer.

Then you have all the others for whom life became more difficult. They are the one who experience real inflation. It's not misery, because there is a slight increase in their salary too, life is more difficult than before the start of the full scale war.
______________

The Victory Parade is often described as a victory for Vladimir Putin. It's partly true. However, I would rather say that it was the victory of China. Putin sat next to Xi. Not the other way. Officially, they celebrated the 80th anniversary of the victory against Nazi Germany, but none of the countries who attended had ever been affected by the Nazi, except for two notable exceptions: Slovakia and Serbia.

The truth is that they celebrated the 3rd Anniversary of the Eternal Friendship between China and Russia. Or, as I would put it, the return of the Golden Horde dominion over Russia undoing more then 500 years of history. This is not a joke. Vladimir Putin himself believes that the Mongol rule was better than Western influence. In recent years Putin has drawn Russia further away from the West and closer and closer to China. The influence of China over Russia has never been so great, historically. This dependency on China is voluntary because China helps Putin to continue the war on Ukraine and keep the economy and the military afloat.

While not technically "Mongol" as in the modern definition of the term, the zone of influence of the Eternal Friendship covers the area of the former Mongol Empire at its height (except for north Siberia and Carelia which were largely uninhabited). We can see on this map that all the participants at the May 9 Parade originated from the area covered by the ancient Mongol Empire. (Except of course those from Africa and South America, and Laos and Vietnam which don't make a big difference). And vice versa: All the countries which were under Mongol rule 700 years ago gathered again at the Parade in 2025.


It was also the Victory of the Losers. Except for the big master China, and Serbia and Slovakia, and Brasil all the countries present are failed states. They gathered around the Chinese leader and also around the Russian leader who still has some prestige in parts of the world, to get some visibility, an imitation of unity and a feeling of strength. The goal of the parade was to convince themselves that they are strong.

India only dispatched their defence minister after scaling down the level of the dignitary several times.

Surprisingly Hungary was not represented. This is explained by historical reasons. Nevertheless Orban could have made an exception this time. What a shame...

The presence of the Ambassador of Israel can be explained by the fact that it was still, officially, the celebration of the victory over Nazism. It was sort of an obligation to attend for her. Maybe she was the only person on the tribune who thought about the tragedy of WW2.
 
Growth in Russia has been driven basically by the melting of the sovereign fund. The money hasn't been spread evenly among all Russians, but at least, it was not given exclusively to the oligarchs. This allowed the money to be more spread among the population than before, when the oligarchs got the bulk of the profits.

Russia has become a "two speed" society: Those returning from the war in Ukraine becoming relatively rich (relatively in comparison to where they came from). They are able to by a small house or an apartment, a good car or spend as they want.

Those working in the defence industry have seen their salary increased and it compensates for inflation. They are not richer or poorer.

Then you have all the others for whom life became more difficult. They are the one who experience real inflation. It's not misery, because there is a slight increase in their salary too, life is more difficult than before the start of the full scale war.
Fascinating analysis, apparently, Russia's economic growth has been fueled by 174.9 billion dollars wealth fund (this is the number reported in February 2022 before the war started) while its military budget alone for 2024 is estimated around 130 billion. However the most fascinating part is that in April 2025 the same wealth fund stands at 140.4 billion, a whopping investment of 40 billion apparently is enough to make a country like Russia grow faster than either European Union or United States.

People who are not well versed in macro economics should not make statements like this lightly.

The Victory Parade is often described as a victory for Vladimir Putin. It's partly true. However, I would rather say that it was the victory of China. Putin sat next to Xi. Not the other way. Officially, they celebrated the 80th anniversary of the victory against Nazi Germany, but none of the countries who attended had ever been affected by the Nazi, except for two notable exceptions: Slovakia and Serbia.

The truth is that they celebrated the 3rd Anniversary of the Eternal Friendship between China and Russia. Or, as I would put it, the return of the Golden Horde dominion over Russia undoing more then 500 years of history. This is not a joke. Vladimir Putin himself believes that the Mongol rule was better than Western influence. In recent years Putin has drawn Russia further away from the West and closer and closer to China. The influence of China over Russia has never been so great, historically. This dependency on China is voluntary because China helps Putin to continue the war on Ukraine and keep the economy and the military afloat.

While not technically "Mongol" as in the modern definition of the term, the zone of influence of the Eternal Friendship covers the area of the former Mongol Empire at its height (except for north Siberia and Carelia which were largely uninhabited). We can see on this map that all the participants at the May 9 Parade originated from the area covered by the ancient Mongol Empire. (Except of course those from Africa and South America, and Laos and Vietnam which don't make a big difference). And vice versa: All the countries which were under Mongol rule 700 years ago gathered again at the Parade in 2025.
Approximately 10 million Chinese lost their lives fighting Imperial Japan (the most significant ally of Nazi Germany) which itself was following fascist ideology, if that doesn't give them the right to be at a Victory Parade over fascism I guess they are not European enough in your book. As for the Central Asian and Caucasian states they were part of the Soviet Union so not being at the Victory Parade on the Red Square would be weird indeed. As far as most European countries not being there that says more about them then anybody else.

It was also the Victory of the Losers. Except for the big master China, and Serbia and Slovakia, and Brasil all the countries present are failed states. They gathered around the Chinese leader and also around the Russian leader who still has some prestige in parts of the world, to get some visibility, an imitation of unity and a feeling of strength. The goal of the parade was to convince themselves that they are strong.

India only dispatched their defence minister after scaling down the level of the dignitary several times.

Surprisingly Hungary was not represented. This is explained by historical reasons. Nevertheless Orban could have made an exception this time. What a shame...

The presence of the Ambassador of Israel can be explained by the fact that it was still, officially, the celebration of the victory over Nazism. It was sort of an obligation to attend for her. Maybe she was the only person on the tribune who thought about the tragedy of WW2
A lot of failed states in your book, somebody should notify United States military that Vietnam is a failed state and that they apparently won in Vietnam, I am curious based on what criteria have you judged 25 sovereign states as failed, my guess is they are not supporting your side in a certain war as their most important failing.
 

KipPotapych

Well-Known Member
Fascinating analysis
Par for the course though, haha.

Russia's economic growth has been fueled by 174.9 billion dollars wealth fund (this is the number reported in February 2022 before the war started) while its military budget alone for 2024 is estimated around 130 billion. However the most fascinating part is that in April 2025 the same wealth fund stands at 140.4 billion, a whopping investment of 40 billion apparently is enough to make a country like Russia grow faster than either European Union or United States.
This is not the entire story. The Russian National Wealth Fund (primarily) consists of two parts: liquid and “not so liquid”. The entire Fund’s current value is about $350B. This, of course, excludes the Fund’s Forex reserves of… hmm, I don’t recall exactly at the moment, but call it $300B (the real number is lower) frozen by various Western nations. The liquid part of the Fund had about halved (perhaps more than halved) so far since the 2022 invasion. That would be over 3 years now. Of course, 2022 oil revenue was very considerable, so we can probably discount that first year. This article talks about exactly this and I am going to use it a source for my numbers (I didn’t read the entire article, but the source is solid):


It should be noted, however, that a great deal of Fund’s current value comes from the price of gold that is at all time high. At the same time, it is unlikely for the gold price to fall significantly without a dramatic increase in oil prices. That’s just the nature of the game usually.

People who are not well versed in macro economics should not make statements like this lightly.
That is true.

To add, people blinded by whatever feelings they have in this situation have been making a lot of statements that make zero sense (this is true for both sides). This is also true for people who have very good understanding of economics as well and are well aware of the data. Some very good economists have embarrassed themselves numerous times over in the past three years with their analysis and predictions.

Here are a couple more things to keep in mind. Russia’s current gold reserves alone can nearly cover their entire external debt. The value of the reserves that are not frozen is probably not far from covering their entire national debt (don’t quote me on these statements, but I am not that far off, I am sure). Further more, Russian debt (and debt to GDP ratio) is one of the lowest in the world. Here is one point:

In 2023, Russia's estimated level of national debt reached about 19.66 percent of the GDP, ranking 17th of the countries with the lowest national debt.


Here is another point:

IMG_9805.jpeg


A few things should be noted just by looking at the numbers in the table above. One is the (external) debt to GDP ratio. Just above 13%; China is the only country there that has a lower ratio and another, India, that even comes close. If you scroll down the list further, you sill see that this doesn’t change much, a few “poors” aside (some of the poorest countries in the world have low ratio because they do not have the capacity to borrow, neither externally, nor internally). A consideration that should also be given in this regard is how this ratio would change if you substitute the GDP at purchasing power parity (hint: it would decrease dramatically - that is, in Russia, money can go a much longer way). The second thing that should be noted is debt as the percentage of total wealth. For Russia, that number does not even reach 7% (compare the two numbers to the other significant economies of the world). There is a lot of capacity to expand there for Russia and they have been running a rather tight ship for quite some time. Rather amazing, but fiscal responsibility is actually a thing.

The third point is the amount of extremely valuable state owned assets that the Russian government has in its possession. These can be privatized to finance whatever it is needed to be financed (and this would be the indicator of the actual big trouble).

The fourth and final point that I will make on the subject here is the following (just google search ai generated stuff):

IMG_9806.jpeg

So there is years worth of shakedown here if it is ever needed.

Overall, the economy is far from failing, obviously. Check out the link cited by personaldesas (if I got that right) above (I was going to cite the same source document myself, funny enough, but never got to it). Military spending removed, the manufacturing is still sitting above the 2021 level (over 2%). This is considering that some key elements had completely collapsed post invasion, auto industry being the most prime example. Somewhat stagnant, sure, but far from big trouble. Consider that the difference of the total economic value between with and without military spending is not even 8%. That on its own should provide some realistic perspective, alas…

Anyway, everyone is going to make up their own things on the subject, so all this writing likely has very little value. Also, Russian propaganda and all.

Approximately 10 million Chinese lost their lives fighting Imperial Japan (the most significant ally of Nazi Germany) which itself was following fascist ideology, if that doesn't give them the right to be at a Victory Parade over fascism I guess they are not European enough in your book. As for the Central Asian and Caucasian states they were part of the Soviet Union so not being at the Victory Parade on the Red Square would be weird indeed. As far as most European countries not being there that says more about them then anybody else.
Imagine telling to the Chinese (or a whole bunch of others in the world greatly affected by the WW2, including Africa) that they were not affected and then spewing utter nonsense. Including the “mongols” nonsense. “All the countries which were under Mongol rule 700 years ago gathered again at the Parade in 2025, while the map provided clearly includes Ukraine as well (which presently is an actual failed state, history still pending). Crazy stuff.

Israel's “obligation” is dictated by the fact that Soviets have spent an immense and disproportional number of lives resisting Nazis and liberating numerous concentration camps. We can extend this thought and compare it to French contribution, for example, or the Balts, or the…

All these idiotic ideas really do not have boundaries. Any reasonable person will give credit where it is due (and, frankly, quite a credit it is in this case). Alas, here we are.



I watched a 11-minute long clip of the parade (the equipment rolling) in Moscow. Rather embarrassing stuff for Russia, in my opinion. This is some funny stuff from Ekaterinburg:

IMG_9779.jpeg

IMG_9778.jpeg
 
Par for the course though, haha.


This is not the entire story. The Russian National Wealth Fund (primarily) consists of two parts: liquid and “not so liquid”. The entire Fund’s current value is about $350B. This, of course, excludes the Fund’s Forex reserves of… hmm, I don’t recall exactly at the moment, but call it $300B (the real number is lower) frozen by various Western nations. The liquid part of the Fund had about halved (perhaps more than halved) so far since the 2022 invasion. That would be over 3 years now. Of course, 2022 oil revenue was very considerable, so we can probably discount that first year. This article talks about exactly this and I am going to use it a source for my numbers (I didn’t read the entire article, but the source is solid):


It should be noted, however, that a great deal of Fund’s current value comes from the price of gold that is at all time high. At the same time, it is unlikely for the gold price to fall significantly without a dramatic increase in oil prices. That’s just the nature of the game usually.


That is true.

To add, people blinded by whatever feelings they have in this situation have been making a lot of statements that make zero sense (this is true for both sides). This is also true for people who have very good understanding of economics as well and are well aware of the data. Some very good economists have embarrassed themselves numerous times over in the past three years with their analysis and predictions.

Here are a couple more things to keep in mind. Russia’s current gold reserves alone can nearly cover their entire external debt. The value of the reserves that are not frozen is probably not far from covering their entire national debt (don’t quote me on these statements, but I am not that far off, I am sure). Further more, Russian debt (and debt to GDP ratio) is one of the lowest in the world. Here is one point:

In 2023, Russia's estimated level of national debt reached about 19.66 percent of the GDP, ranking 17th of the countries with the lowest national debt.


Here is another point:

View attachment 52861


A few things should be noted just by looking at the numbers in the table above. One is the (external) debt to GDP ratio. Just above 13%; China is the only country there that has a lower ratio and another, India, that even comes close. If you scroll down the list further, you sill see that this doesn’t change much, a few “poors” aside (some of the poorest countries in the world have low ratio because they do not have the capacity to borrow, neither externally, nor internally). A consideration that should also be given in this regard is how this ratio would change if you substitute the GDP at purchasing power parity (hint: it would decrease dramatically - that is, in Russia, money can go a much longer way). The second thing that should be noted is debt as the percentage of total wealth. For Russia, that number does not even reach 7% (compare the two numbers to the other significant economies of the world). There is a lot of capacity to expand there for Russia and they have been running a rather tight ship for quite some time. Rather amazing, but fiscal responsibility is actually a thing.

The third point is the amount of extremely valuable state owned assets that the Russian government has in its possession. These can be privatized to finance whatever it is needed to be financed (and this would be the indicator of the actual big trouble).

The fourth and final point that I will make on the subject here is the following (just google search ai generated stuff):

View attachment 52862

So there is years worth of shakedown here if it is ever needed.

Overall, the economy is far from failing, obviously. Check out the link cited by personaldesas (if I got that right) above (I was going to cite the same source document myself, funny enough, but never got to it). Military spending removed, the manufacturing is still sitting above the 2021 level (over 2%). This is considering that some key elements had completely collapsed post invasion, auto industry being the most prime example. Somewhat stagnant, sure, but far from big trouble. Consider that the difference of the total economic value between with and without military spending is not even 8%. That on its own should provide some realistic perspective, alas…

Anyway, everyone is going to make up their own things on the subject, so all this writing likely has very little value. Also, Russian propaganda and all.


Imagine telling to the Chinese (or a whole bunch of others in the world greatly affected by the WW2, including Africa) that they were not affected and then spewing utter nonsense. Including the “mongols” nonsense. “All the countries which were under Mongol rule 700 years ago gathered again at the Parade in 2025, while the map provided clearly includes Ukraine as well (which presently is an actual failed state, history still pending). Crazy stuff.

Israel's “obligation” is dictated by the fact that Soviets have spent an immense and disproportional number of lives resisting Nazis and liberating numerous concentration camps. We can extend this thought and compare it to French contribution, for example, or the Balts, or the…

All these idiotic ideas really do not have boundaries. Any reasonable person will give credit where it is due (and, frankly, quite a credit it is in this case). Alas, here we are.



I watched a 11-minute long clip of the parade (the equipment rolling) in Moscow. Rather embarrassing stuff for Russia, in my opinion. This is some funny stuff from Ekaterinburg:

View attachment 52864

View attachment 52863
I agree that the narrative of Russia currently running out of money or resources doesn’t hold up well under scrutiny. That said, an interesting question might be: Hypothetically, how much economic/financial loss, whether direct or in terms of opportunity cost, wouldboth the ruling class and the general population be prepared to absorb for the Ukraine war? Would they be willing to continue all the way to bankruptcy, or where does the threshold lie? At what point does the cost become strategically unsustainable? And would it even be possible for third parties to inflict damage this high via sanctions et al?
 
This is not the entire story. The Russian National Wealth Fund (primarily) consists of two parts: liquid and “not so liquid”. The entire Fund’s current value is about $350B. This, of course, excludes the Fund’s Forex reserves of… hmm, I don’t recall exactly at the moment, but call it $300B (the real number is lower) frozen by various Western nations. The liquid part of the Fund had about halved (perhaps more than halved) so far since the 2022 invasion. That would be over 3 years now. Of course, 2022 oil revenue was very considerable, so we can probably discount that first year. This article talks about exactly this and I am going to use it a source for my numbers (I didn’t read the entire article, but the source is solid):

It should be noted, however, that a great deal of Fund’s current value comes from the price of gold that is at all time high. At the same time, it is unlikely for the gold price to fall significantly without a dramatic increase in oil prices. That’s just the nature of the game usually.
Maybe I am reading this wrong, but Russia's national wealth fund and its foreign reserves are not the same thing nor is one part of the other. They are separate with different portfolio of assets and different purpose. Foreign reserves value stand at 647 billion US dollars (in March 2025) including around 300 billion frozen assets in Western countries, while Russia's national wealth fund value stands at 140.4 billion. While Russia's foreign reserves are composed of foreign currency, precious metals (gold, silver...) and various types of government securities such as bonds and treasury bills, Russia's national wealth fund can have various types of non liquid assets and investments from which it can derive profits by selling them or collecting dividends.

That is true.

To add, people blinded by whatever feelings they have in this situation have been making a lot of statements that make zero sense (this is true for both sides). This is also true for people who have very good understanding of economics as well and are well aware of the data. Some very good economists have embarrassed themselves numerous times over in the past three years with their analysis and predictions.
The problem is that majority of the analysts or experts are no longer paid to give their professional opinion but to give a certain opinion, so that policy makers can justify their course of action. this is the problem that far surpasses just the economics and is present in various other fields as well.

Overall, the economy is far from failing, obviously. Check out the link cited by personaldesas (if I got that right) above (I was going to cite the same source document myself, funny enough, but never got to it). Military spending removed, the manufacturing is still sitting above the 2021 level (over 2%). This is considering that some key elements had completely collapsed post invasion, auto industry being the most prime example. Somewhat stagnant, sure, but far from big trouble. Consider that the difference of the total economic value between with and without military spending is not even 8%. That on its own should provide some realistic perspective, alas…
I agree that the narrative of Russia currently running out of money or resources doesn’t hold up well under scrutiny. That said, an interesting question might be: Hypothetically, how much economic/financial loss, whether direct or in terms of opportunity cost, wouldboth the ruling class and the general population be prepared to absorb for the Ukraine war? Would they be willing to continue all the way to bankruptcy, or where does the threshold lie? At what point does the cost become strategically unsustainable? And would it even be possible for third parties to inflict damage this high via sanctions et al?
Russia's economy has many structural problems that date long before the start of the Ukrainian war, the three most prevalent concerns are (in my opinion) corruption, high labor intensity (exacerbated by war) and low productivity. Generally speaking if these three issues can be remedied to a certain extent Russia's economy would be able to cope with Western sanctions indefinitely. The immediate concern (as the mentioned problems before are long term issues) is inflation. Although the inflation is decreasing (very slowly) it remains the main challenge for people running the Russian economy and I suspect it will remain a problem for several years to come. High inflation keeps interest rates high limiting the amount of private investment in Russia's economy and necessitates high percentage pay increases on yearly basis to keep the purchasing power of the population sufficient to deal with it. Root causes of inflation are both war related and non war related but the prevalent one now is steadily increasing consumer demand due to high real wage increases. The tricky part is managing to significantly slow down inflation while still increasing wages to keep the population content. To add to the problem efforts to slow down the inflation will undoubtedly negatively affect GDP growth increasing the risk of recession. Whether they will be successful at so called "soft landing" or not remains to be seen.
 

Ananda

The Bunker Group
Although the inflation is decreasing (very slowly) it remains the main challenge for people running the Russian economy and I suspect it will remain a problem for several years to come. High inflation keeps interest rates high limiting the amount of private investment in Russia's economy and necessitates high percentage pay increases on yearly basis to keep the purchasing power of the population sufficient to deal with it. Root causes of inflation are both war related and non war related but the prevalent one now is steadily increasing consumer demand due to high real wage increases. The tricky part is managing to significantly slow down inflation while still increasing wages to keep the population content. To add to the problem efforts to slow down the inflation will undoubtedly negatively affect GDP growth increasing the risk of recession. Whether they will be successful at so called "soft landing" or not remains to be seen.
In some similarities, US and Russia administration responsible to each nation inflation rate due to artificially increase money supply. Both to keep prepping up consumer spending to combat crisis effect. US mostly to covid crisis and Russia to war crisis.

Eventough the scope is hugely different, but the effects cause shown similarities. Even Fed need two year adjustment and even now Fed still not want to decrease interest as much as Trump demand. Russia with less price elasticity means the inflation get higher due to sudden influx of money supply, but Russia with 50%+ of GDP being reflect by consumer spending, has no other choices to bite down high interest rate and keep pumping money to maintain consumer spending. There's limit that Government project (including war related production) and commodities export can support growth, if the domestic consumption production is not also increase.

Seems this is why Russia also increasing their domestic consumption production as part of import substitution. They have to keep increase the production to level up with real income increase. Soft landing will not be gain if the level of production not reach parity with the money supply increase. It is game of chicken and egg. Any high inflation means the economy is overheating. Thus soft landing need to be achieved. That's what Fed's do (no matter what Trump demand) and that's what Russia need to achieve.
 

Fredled

Active Member
Karl Franz said:
Approximately 10 million Chinese lost their lives fighting Imperial Japan (the most significant ally of Nazi Germany) which itself was following fascist ideology, if that doesn't give them the right to be at a Victory Parade over fascism I guess they are not European enough in your book. As for the Central Asian and Caucasian states they were part of the Soviet Union so not being at the Victory Parade on the Red Square would be weird indeed. As far as most European countries not being there that says more about them then anybody else.
They don't have the right to use this thematic when parading in Russia. If they want to parade with war criminals, it's their right. But they shouldn't tell us about "victory over nazism" because it's disgusting.
Karl Franz said:
I am curious based on what criteria have you judged 25 sovereign states as failed, my guess is they are not supporting your side in a certain war as their most important failing.
Yes, exactly as you put it. On top of other considerations.
Konrad Iturb said:
Ali Express Parade
LOL :D
KipPotapych said:
while the map provided clearly includes Ukraine as well
According to the ideology at the Kremlin, Ukraine should be part of it. Indeed.
Thanks for pointing that out.
KipPotapych said:
All these idiotic ideas
The most idiot idea is to think that they had a minute of silence for those who fell fighting the Nazi. :D
______________________________
Karl Franz said:
However the most fascinating part is that in April 2025 the same wealth fund stands at 140.4 billion,
Estimation in USD have no meaning whatsoever. Actually, the Russian economy is disconnected from the dollar. As KipPotapych said, The Russian National Wealth Fund consists of two parts: liquid and “not so liquid”. Only 32% of it liquid. Almost all the liquidities are in Rubble, a little part in Yuans and an very small part in other currencies. And everything is calculated in Rubble.
Of the non-liquid assets, only gold has tangible, convertible value. And, as KipPotapych, again, was right to point out, it contributed to the fund revenues and to the overall economical sustainability. The rest of the non-liquid assets is valued abstractively as it has no market equivalent. It goes without saying that it's much much less than reported. The international exchange rate for the Rubble is also completely artificial.

When we talk about economic growth in Russia, it's growth in Rubble. The Russian government is spending the money in Rubble to pay for the war in Ukraine and defence spending. The money is spent in activities which are wasting the money with no economic return. They spend money to make bombs. The bombs explode, and nothing is left out of if. They spent money on salaries for soldiers to stay somewhere in Ukraine, then they return home without having made any productive activity. In other words, it's like paying people to do nothing. Such economic model is not sustainable.

KipPotapych said:
The entire Fund’s current value is about $350B.
....
to add, people blinded by whatever feelings they have in this situation have been making a lot of statements that make zero sense
:oops: Nuh!
 

Fredled

Active Member
personaldesas said:
I agree that the narrative of Russia currently running out of money or resources doesn’t hold up well under scrutiny. That said, an interesting question might be: Hypothetically, how much economic/financial loss, whether direct or in terms of opportunity cost, would both the ruling class and the general population be prepared to absorb for the Ukraine war? Would they be willing to continue all the way to bankruptcy, or where does the threshold lie? At what point does the cost become strategically unsustainable? And would it even be possible for third parties to inflict damage this high via sanctions et al?
Once Russia has engaged into a war economy, the population brainwashed to the core, and a powerful ally willing to give it substantial support, they can keep it going almost indefinitely.

The big problem is that the ruling class, the billionaires, owe their wealth directly to the Putin's regime. So, they can't criticize it too much. They have to shut up and to agree. If not, they may lose everything and be jailed. Especially since everything they still have after the sanctions, is in Russia. Their foreign assets having been seized.

For the population, it's different. The population in Russia is not aware of what happens. Of course some soldiers come back and talk, but it's not changing enough the general perception of the war. This perception still depends on national tv channels. The Russian population don't know what happens in Ukraine, how many soldiers die, how many civilians die, how much it costs, how many shell and missiles are being fired per day. They don't know anything. People living in the east of the country don't know for example, that Ukrainian drone are flying almost daily over the western part of the country. They barely know that some military operations are going on but they have no detail. They live as if there were no war.
They understand that the war is causing the economic hardship. But the Russian people is able to accept that to a much higher degree than western populations. As I explained above, part of the population doesn't feel the hardship yet because they are benefiting from the military spending.

IMO, the Russian population will rather rise against the regime once they know the truth, for moral reasons, rather than economical reasons.
 

Fredled

Active Member
Karl Franz said:
Maybe I am reading this wrong, but Russia's national wealth fund and its foreign reserves are not the same thing nor is one part of the other. They are separate with different portfolio of assets and different purpose. Foreign reserves value stand at 647 billion US dollars (in March 2025) including around 300 billion frozen assets in Western countries, while Russia's national wealth fund value stands at 140.4 billion. While Russia's foreign reserves are composed of foreign currency, precious metals (gold, silver...) and various types of government securities such as bonds and treasury bills, Russia's national wealth fund can have various types of non liquid assets and investments from which it can derive profits by selling them or collecting dividends.
Yes, it's exact. We often mix one and the other. (It's not clear however what proportion of the frozen assets are central bank reserves or national fund assets).
I have read somewhere that, after the sanctions, Russia's reserves have been almost totally converted to Yuans (60%) and gold (40%) but I can't find the link anymore. IMO they should have some off shore assets somewhere evading sanction which are either not reported or reported as something else.
 
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