Royal Australian Navy Discussions and Updates 2.0

Reality check.

If the primary threat is missile and air strikes from forward island bases and naval strike groups, supported by infiltrating special forces and saboteurs, then you need the capability to respond to and defend against those threats.

I like tanks, I love heavy armour, when I was young and stupid I honestly thought the Army should be remodelled with each of the three brigades converted to US style, tank heavy Armoured Cavalry Regiments. The remaining infantry would be concentrated into a single three battalion light, airmobile brigades plus supporting elements. Like I said, I was young and stupid.

When you tailor your defence forces to what you think is sexy, or even what someone else used to smash their enemy somewhere else, you are not necessarily getting the capability you need where you are.

Same applies to a force structure designed for a specific threat at a specific time. In 1942 the Australian army divisions pivoted from becoming a combined arms force to what was called "jungle infantry". This entered the national psyche for decades afterwards, elite, light infantry fighting in jungles against Japanese, then various Communist threats, not a tank in sight.

This was totally wrong. The "jungle infantry" were actually more accurately quickly reroled conventional infantry, stripped of much if their support equipment to fight in mountains. Eventually they received the "mountanised" support equipment they needed, while much of the force reverted to convention infantry, supported by similar, or greater scales of armour, artillery and engineers as earlier in the war, to fight the Japanese other than in the mountains. Much of this conventional capability being deployed amphibiously.

Somewhere along the line, armour, artillery, close air support, naval gunfire support, resupply from air and sea, were forgotten and it became the legend of "jungle" light infantry defeating the Japanese threat.

Korea, we needed tanks, didn't have them, Vietnam we had and used armour to great effect.

Every single conflict the RAN and RAAF have been there doing their jobs with what they have. Sometimes it's been the right gear, sometimes it been the ideal gear, sometimes they have had to make do, but they have always been there.

Against major powers there is no getting past the fact that air and sea power is the decider in our region. These days army can contribute to both, and due to the DSR and previous initiative by previous governments, they will.
All I would say is that all infantry is light when they dismount. How they arrive at a fight depends on the circumstances. If they have the kit and don’t use it all well and good but they will be useless in a fight versus landed light mechanised forces.
 

StingrayOZ

Super Moderator
Staff member
For those with access to AFR, this article gives a bit more detail about possible plans to reduce the Hunter class to 6 vessels but the remaining 3 hulls would be produced in the form of DDG’s carrying up to 128 missiles.
Just on this I will quote the article.
Other review options the government is considering include reducing the number of Hunter-class frigates from nine to six, replacing them with three extra destroyers capable of carrying up to 128 missiles.
Construction of the first frigate is meant to start within weeks in Adelaide. Shipbuilder BAE Systems could provide a destroyer based on the same hull as the Hunter class with minimal changes. If the government wanted capability sooner, they could be built in Spain by Navantia.
This reads as turning 3 of the hunters into a DDG with 128 missiles per ship. Given governments lack of action on the Navantia extra Hobart offer I would think that is the direction they are going. But this isn't gospel, this is media whispers.

My point about the LHD's/LPD is with the army significantly changing, the role changing from amphibious ready group, and everything, on the table to be looked at, where does that put the Canberra's, and the ~700 at sea billets they require in this new priority environment. Perhaps an early exit from the fleet in ~2040.

I don't see them being turned into strike aircraft carriers, but perhaps anti-submarine warfare carriers. Launching drones and helicopters.

Also talking about allied basing, maybe a UK/US carrier based in WA.

The DSR hasn't given a clear outcome for the Navy, except specifying it needs more firepower. But that fire power may not arrive until 2040.
 

Redlands18

Well-Known Member
Just on this I will quote the article.


This reads as turning 3 of the hunters into a DDG with 128 missiles per ship. Given governments lack of action on the Navantia extra Hobart offer I would think that is the direction they are going. But this isn't gospel, this is media whispers.

My point about the LHD's/LPD is with the army significantly changing, the role changing from amphibious ready group, and everything, on the table to be looked at, where does that put the Canberra's, and the ~700 at sea billets they require in this new priority environment. Perhaps an early exit from the fleet in ~2040.

I don't see them being turned into strike aircraft carriers, but perhaps anti-submarine warfare carriers. Launching drones and helicopters.

Also talking about allied basing, maybe a UK/US carrier based in WA.

The DSR hasn't given a clear outcome for the Navy, except specifying it needs more firepower. But that fire power may not arrive until 2040.
Sejong the Great-class destroyer - Wikipedia
I take it they mean 128 VLS Cells, as technically you only need 32 VLS to carry 128 ESSMs. Well that's easily fixed, build 3 Sejong the Greats. ;)
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
I'd suggest Tier 1 / Tier 2 discussion will have a longer term detrimental impact on the RAN than anything short of killing DDG/FFG numbers. Arguably it is what got us into this mess in the first place. Someone here (and I have to run sorry, so can't find them - but @Volkodav? @ADMk2?) has put out a logic chain (that I agree with) that shows how the ANZACs were the Tier 2 combatants to the CFA/OHP fleet that, in order to save money, we simply treated as 'generic major platform' when it cam time to replace the DDGs. Meaning they now form the bulk of our fleet, and despite upgrades the what could have been paths are better.

I also think that while some here argue that corvette = Armidale replacement/addition, the DSR is not phrased that way. It could be read that way, but it also could be read that we will sacrifice major platforms for them. I wear many hats, under every single one that's almost criminal. We don't have enough FFG/DDG now, we don't have enough come 2040. And yes, I have actually put forward plans (including cutting my own budgets) to boost FFG/DDG numbers.

The reality is that Australia is a maritime nation, who's maritime AO reaches from the Suez to Hawaii, from Antarctica to Japan. There are huge parts of that where small ships cannot go because of their small bunkerage. The weather adds even more negatives. I know there are actual sailors on here (and noting I have spent more nights on board HMAS Brisbane II than an amphib speaks to my Army-ness) but having worked closely with a minehunter LCDR for two years, their stories of steaming around that AO borders on horrifying. Finally, I know there are people who have an unnatural fascination with VLS numbers, but every FFG/DDG has more magazine depth than a small ship. So....the point is?

Finally, I see DDG/FFG like the CL/CA of 1936. While big and expensive, they were absolutely needed. Can you imagine a DD taking the damage of HMAS Australia? Or fighting some of the actions of HMAS Sydney? The redundancy, the range, the overall capability - all were essential to our fleet's operations. If you want, corvettes are the emergency program of O- to Ca-class destroyers. Built rapidly and quickly, but meld with the proven, cornerstone capability of the DDG/FFG.

TL/DR: Tier 1/2 is okish for short term, detrimental for long term. DSR isn't clear. Corvettes are not feasible replacements for DDG/FFG. We need more of the latter.
Pre WWII the RAN was envisaged as a cruiser and sloop navy, destroyers were very much a second thought. The cruisers and sloops were modern capable ships the DDs were surplus RN WWI build.

This was because destroyers simply didn't have the legs that cruisers and sloops had.

The prewar plan to build eight Tribal Class destroyers fits with this as the Tribals were quite different to the usual destroyers, being designed as destroyer leaders able to conduct a number of cruiser roles. The following Battle and Daring classes were the same, large gun destroyers able to substitute for cruisers.

These ships were what the USN called Destroyer Leaders or DLs, which post war they began calling Frigates. The UK equivalent was the Country Class, the USN had the Leahy and Belknap class DLGs. Admiral Shackleton speculated that the DLGs would have been a better fit for the RAN than the Adams Class DDGs we acquired.

Modern high end destroyers and frigates with strategic length VLS are very much the modern day cruisers.

The Sloops have never been replaced in the postwar RAN. The still born DDL was basically a sloop that grew into an FFG and then was cancelled. It was meant to supplement the Darlings and Perths not replace them, but it in turn was cancelled, the less capable Adelaide's bought instead, and they, by default, replaced the destroyers.

As the DDL grew in capability and became seen as a replacement for the Darlings and River class DEs, as were the eventual ten planned FFGs, the RAN looked at a modified, joint UK Type 21 in the sloop / patrol frigate role.

There have been multiple iterations and attempts to get a reasonable number of high end and mid level combatants. They have always failed as the high end is seen as unaffordable, and the mid level are over capitalised for the inherent capability of the mid level platform.
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
All I would say is that all infantry is light when they dismount. How they arrive at a fight depends on the circumstances. If they have the kit and don’t use it all well and good but they will be useless in a fight versus landed light mechanised forces.
Light and heavy relates to their support equipment and whether they can get it to the fight. Light infantry have more deployable support equipment that they are trained and proficient in the use of.

Mech or armoured infantry, without their support equipment are less capable than light infantry with their equipment.
 

old faithful

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
Light and heavy relates to their support equipment and whether they can get it to the fight. Light infantry have more deployable support equipment that they are trained and proficient in the use of.

Mech or armoured infantry, without their support equipment are less capable than light infantry with their equipment.
The amount of variables are ridiculous. Light infantry tactics dictate that they fight on ground of their own choosing, so you would want to use that to make mech forces less effective. Many ways to skin a cat. I remember an exercise where my OC Maj M Evans, had us in a reverse slope defence. It really made it difficult for the enemy to attack us. He was a great leader, and later made Maj General.
Asymmetric tactics are not only for special forces. Mech Infantry need resupply in a more extreme way than light infantry. There are ways for light infantry to be effective against Mech forces. I would have loved to see the order for IFVs at least 200 vehicles, and it might go that way, but if it does not, then light infantry forces will need skilled leaders with great imagination and cunning.
 

hauritz

Well-Known Member
I was thinking about some suggestions floating around that the Hunter purchase might be reduced to save money that could then be diverted to a tier 2 warship. Doesn't really make any sense because those savings wouldn't happen until the 2040s. This is supposed an ongoing build program which means that if the Hunter construction were to be halted it would have to be replaced with another project. In other words there would be no money saved.

All I can think of is that the Hobarts would be around 20 years old by then so perhaps construction could immediately start on their replacement. This could be why BAE was talking about turning the last three Hunters into super ships. Maybe they knew what was coming. Of course this still means no savings.

Then there is the issue of where are you build any new tier 2 ship relatively quickly. Only possibility I can see is completely scrapping or pushing back the Hunter program (won't happen) or cancelling the remaining Arafuras.
 

Volkodav

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
I was thinking about some suggestions floating around that the Hunter purchase might be reduced to save money that could then be diverted to a tier 2 warship. Doesn't really make any sense because those savings wouldn't happen until the 2040s. This is supposed an ongoing build program which means that if the Hunter construction were to be halted it would have to be replaced with another project. In other words there would be no money saved.

All I can think of is that the Hobarts would be around 20 years old by then so perhaps construction could immediately start on their replacement. This could be why BAE was talking about turning the last three Hunters into super ships. Maybe they knew what was coming. Of course this still means no savings.

Then there is the issue of where are you build any new tier 2 ship relatively quickly. Only possibility I can see is completely scrapping or pushing back the Hunter program (won't happen) or cancelling the remaining Arafuras.
Pure speculation here.

Adelaide builds the Hunters, then the Hobart replacements, which will hopefully be full sized DDGs or even a new age DLG.

Civmec switches from OPVs to patrol frigates. Their facilities are adequately sized for frigates.

Blocks for larger ships, procured in smaller numbers, are shared between Adelaide and Henderson with final consolidation and completion occuring competitively or wherever there is spare capacity.
 

Tasman

Ship Watcher
Verified Defense Pro
Just on this I will quote the article.

This reads as turning 3 of the hunters into a DDG with 128 missiles per ship. Given governments lack of action on the Navantia extra Hobart offer I would think that is the direction they are going. But this isn't gospel, this is media whispers.

The DSR hasn't given a clear outcome for the Navy, except specifying it needs more firepower. But that fire power may not arrive until 2040.
I can see where you are coming from but the Defmin dropped a clear hint that he is looking at larger numbers of smaller ships. Hopefully this will only be to boost firepower in the short term, with proper DDGs ordered later to follow however many Hunter class are finally built. These could be a new design or a Hunter class evolution. What seems imperative to me is that nothing should be allowed to slow down the construction of the first batch of Hunters.

Tas
 

Morgo

Well-Known Member
A Constellation class frigate is not a light frigate. It is almost as large in terms of displacement as a Type 26 frigate. A type 31 frigate is also a large frigate (albeit cheaper in terms of propulsion plant and lacking the quietening features of the Type 26).
I know - hence why I hope I’m right!

6x DDG + 6x FFG + 6-8x GP (ie for the cost of giving up OPVs and 3x FFG) would be an awesome outcome.
 

hauritz

Well-Known Member
I can see where you are coming from but the Defmin dropped a clear hint that he is looking at larger numbers of smaller ships. Hopefully this will only be to boost firepower in the short term, with proper DDGs ordered later to follow however many Hunter class are finally built. These could be a new design or a Hunter class evolution. What seems imperative to me is that nothing should be allowed to slow down the construction of the first batch of Hunters.

Tas
You could have a line of tier 2 frigates shared by Adelaide and Perth. Perth would be able to start in the mid to late 2020s by swapping out the Arafuras and Adelaide would join in the 2030s after building a reduced number of Hunters

Another option I would be less happy with could be that Civmec switches to corvettes that could be delivered fairly quickly and Adelaide swaps to smaller frigates sometime in the 2030s.
 

StingrayOZ

Super Moderator
Staff member
I can see where you are coming from but the Defmin dropped a clear hint that he is looking at larger numbers of smaller ships. Hopefully this will only be to boost firepower in the short term, with proper DDGs ordered later to follow however many Hunter class are finally built. These could be a new design or a Hunter class evolution. What seems imperative to me is that nothing should be allowed to slow down the construction of the first batch of Hunters.
Yes, but it was a bit vague about that. Not about more smaller ships, but on how that would be facilitated exactly. At least from what I got from the press conference.

I guess I am just pointing out that there isn't complete certainty at this stage. There is some sort of commitment to the hunters for the medium future, as has been pointed out, they are too far along to cancel and we won't likely get another ship in the water sooner, and even if we did, we would want it to be in addition to any of the first ~6 hunters anyway.
I take it they mean 128 VLS Cells, as technically you only need 32 VLS to carry 128 ESSMs. Well that's easily fixed, build 3 Sejong the Greats.
It is certainly possible that a dedicated air defence/land strike ship, of around 11,000t can fit 128 VLS. Sejong is an off the shelf design, but requires burke levels of crewing, ~300-350.. However the Batch II ships only seem to have 88 VLS. The Japanese have some very large ships designs based off the burke, but do not fit more than 96 VLS. But again, crew intensive ships. I believe the Maya class are the largest Aegis ships now.

Which is probably the biggest issue about building more Hobart's.. They require ~100 more crew than a Hunter or Constellation class.

Smaller ships can mean almost anything, as almost any ship is smaller than the Australian Hunter. Type 31, Constellation, F110, FREMM, F125, are all smaller than Hunter. The main thing I think they will be looking for is something with a smaller crew than Hobart, that can embark serious fire power/sensors and something that can be built almost immediately at Henderson.
 

Reptilia

Well-Known Member
You could have a line of tier 2 frigates shared by Adelaide and Perth. Perth would be able to start in the mid to late 2020s by swapping out the Arafuras and Adelaide would join in the 2030s after building a reduced number of Hunters

Another option I would be less happy with could be that Civmec switches to corvettes that could be delivered fairly quickly and Adelaide swaps to smaller frigates sometime in the 2030s.
At Osborne south, The first Hunter begins construction next month and isn’t due till 2031, and then follow on Hunters are approx every 2 years, 2033, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 for all nine. Cutting 3 from the order, you’ll have 6 by 2041 with likely a hobart replacement following, The type 83 fits nicely with the timeline as it would enter service post 2043, about 4-5 years after the first of class enters service in the u.k in the late 2030s(much like ssn aukus dates). This path would likely involve getting 3 extra hobarts in the next 8 years built in spain or less likely civmec. A spanish hobart build leaves room for civmec to build smaller tier 2 ships, a civmec Hobart build possibly means tier 2 ships built overseas. A GP frigate instead of the hobarts also a possibility, less capability but much less cost, reduced construction time and less crew.

Another option at Osborne south is an alternating build of type 26, 2 asw hunters and 1 heavily armed awd x 3, eg 2031asw, 33asw, 35awd, 37asw, 39asw, 41awd, 43asw, 45asw, 47awd. This path could see civmec produce tier 2 ships post 2025/26 after the 6th Arafura is complete If the opv build is cut. What they will build is anyone’s guess, unlikely to be hobarts with this path so you can assume GP frigates or corvettes, tier 2 ships. No overseas build.

The third option is all 9 hunters become awd’s And other asw capabilities increased, uuvs, p8s, undee water survellience, aukus subs, usv’s with towed arrays, strix quad coptees off small ships with dipping sonars etc
 
Last edited:

knightrider4

Active Member
At Osborne south, The first Hunter begins construction next month and isn’t due till 2031, and then follow on Hunters are approx every 2 years, 2033, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 for all nine. Cutting 3 from the order, you’ll have 6 by 2041 with likely a hobart replacement following, The type 83 fits nicely with the timeline as it would enter service post 2043, about 4-5 years after the first of class enters service in the u.k in the late 2030s(much like ssn aukus dates). This path would likely involve getting 3 extra hobarts in the next 8 years built in spain or less likely civmec. A spanish hobart build leaves room for civmec to build smaller tier 2 ships, a civmec Hobart build possibly means tier 2 ships built overseas. A GP frigate instead of the hobarts also a possibility, less capability but much less cost, reduced construction time and less crew.

Another option at Osborne south is an alternating build of type 26, 2 asw hunters and 1 heavily armed awd x 3, eg 2031asw, 33asw, 35awd, 37asw, 39asw, 41awd, 43asw, 45asw, 47awd. This path could see civmec produce tier 2 ships post 2025/26 after the 6th Arafura is complete If the opv build is cut. What they will build is anyone’s guess, unlikely to be hobarts with this path so you can assume GP frigates or corvettes, tier 2 ships. No overseas build.

The third option is all 9 hunters become awd’s And other asw capabilities increased, uuvs, p8s, undee water survellience, aukus subs, usv’s with towed arrays, strix quad coptees off small ships with dipping sonars etc
Reptilla I don't want to be the resident whisperer of doom, but I'll bet my car that you are not going to see 9 hunters. The wording of Marles stating that the worlds navies are procuring large numbers of smaller warships that anyone with a modicum of intelligence knows to be total BS, indicates that this government has absolutely zero interest in defence. If you are looking for type 31 frigates or mogami type vessels you are going to be very letdown. What I believe your going to get is a reduced Hunter build and some claytons warships known as corvettes. This DSR has in reality introduced nothing new, nada, zilch. Full of vague references, a stepdown in the language about China, the problem now evidently is the competition between the US and China destabilising the region. Nothing for the RAAF an emasculated army and by all appearances a denuded Navy. This particular government has raised the white flag I'm afraid.
 

Anthony_B_78

Active Member
All I would say is that all infantry is light when they dismount. How they arrive at a fight depends on the circumstances. If they have the kit and don’t use it all well and good but they will be useless in a fight versus landed light mechanised forces.
No one is saying we shouldn't have armour, or that it is not useful in our region. It's not a choice between no armoured support and armoured battlegroups that would be at home on the battlefields of Europe. And our adversary will be just as limited as we are. There are few places you can fight a battle of armed maneuver in South-East Asia / the South Pacific.
 

Morgo

Well-Known Member
Reptilla I don't want to be the resident whisperer of doom, but I'll bet my car that you are not going to see 9 hunters. The wording of Marles stating that the worlds navies are procuring large numbers of smaller warships that anyone with a modicum of intelligence knows to be total BS, indicates that this government has absolutely zero interest in defence. If you are looking for type 31 frigates or mogami type vessels you are going to be very letdown. What I believe your going to get is a reduced Hunter build and some claytons warships known as corvettes. This DSR has in reality introduced nothing new, nada, zilch. Full of vague references, a stepdown in the language about China, the problem now evidently is the competition between the US and China destabilising the region. Nothing for the RAAF an emasculated army and by all appearances a denuded Navy. This particular government has raised the white flag I'm afraid.
…. that’s an awful lot of bold statements with a high degree of certainty without a lot of support.

Can you provide some backup for:

- the claim that the Government “isn’t interested in Defence” and is “waiving the white flag” when the Deputy PM has chosen to take the Defence portfolio and spending is heading to levels not seen since the Cold War (despite a shaky fiscal situation)?

- your certainty that the surface fleet review won’t recommend a proper GP / patrol frigate?
 

knightrider4

Active Member
…. that’s an awful lot of bold statements with a high degree of certainty without a lot of support.

Can you provide some backup for:

- the claim that the Government “isn’t interested in Defence” and is “waiving the white flag” when the Deputy PM has chosen to take the Defence portfolio and spending is heading to levels not seen since the Cold War (despite a shaky fiscal situation)?

- your certainty that the surface fleet review won’t recommend a proper GP / patrol frigate?
My apologies these are my views and mine alone. And therefore am entitled to express them. Do I have proof no I don't. But I'll be more than happy to have this conversation with you in 6 months. Spending heading to levels not seen since the cold war? Please show me some figures because I cant find them. If you mean the spending that the last administration put in place well as far as I know it may sit at 2.2% of GDP but what I do know is that there will be no increases for the next four years so much for strategic urgency. As far as I see it, this DSR has gone backwards its a nothing document written by a couple of hacks whose claim to fame happen to be the worst defence minister in 50 years assisted by the worst CDF in 50 years.
 
Top