War is not the only outcome in a contest for influence
1. If peace is desired, it is much better to be slightly better prepared for war — without a capability for deterrence. At the end of 2020, the size of China’s navy— was approximately 360, compared to the United States’ 297, according to the US Office of Naval Intelligence. It also projected that China’s navy will increase to 400 ships in 2025 and 425 in 2030. Given the growth of the Chinese Navy, there are two paths to peace — (a) the absolute surrender of a country’s national interests (eg. the Philippines and Cambodia); or (b) working with a coalition of countries to align economic and security interests (eg. Australia, South Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam and Singapore).
2. In this respect, I value the counter weight provided by the Japanese and the Australians to magnify ASEAN’s voice on matters of regional concerns. These include the ongoing insurgencies within the various ASEAN member states, the ballistic missile arms race in a nuclear Korean Peninsula, the military coup in Myanmar and the regional disputes on EEZs in the South China Sea between ASEAN members and the 9-dash line claims.
3. China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi concluded a 3-nation tour of Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia and Singapore) and Korea aimed at shoring up Beijing’s diplomatic engagement with the region following a number of visits by high-ranking U.S. officials. Visiting Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi told Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong that the long-standing China-Singapore relation has become an important stabilizing factor in the region. During their meeting, Wang conveyed greetings from the Chinese leaders to Singapore’s prime minister.
(a) Wang said the bilateral relationship has benefited from the strategic leadership of the leaders of the two countries, the joint efforts of people from all walks of life in both countries and the fact that the Singapore’s side has always viewed China’s development objectively and rationally. He highlighted that Singapore is adept at finding cooperation opportunities from China’s development and striving for win-win prospects.
(b) Coming about two weeks after US Vice President Kamala Harris' trip to the region that sought to pit countries against China, Wang's trip showed that China and the neighboring countries are aiming to work in partnership to strengthen diplomatic relations. According to the Secretary-General of ASEAN, China, Singapore and Japan have finished ratification of RCEP, as a key move to enable post-pandemic economic recovery.
(c) During the Singapore-China Defence Policy Dialogue (DPD) held on 14 Sep 2021, via video conferencing, both sides:
(i) expressed their commitment to strengthen defence cooperation as agreed under the enhanced Agreement on Defence Exchanges and Security Cooperation signed in Oct 2019, that includes the regularisation and scaling up of bilateral exercises and interactions across the Services such as the flagship bilateral army and naval exercises Exercise Cooperation and Exercise Maritime Cooperation; and
(ii) discussed ways to strengthen cooperation under the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus framework and broaden ASEAN-China defence cooperation to build mutual understanding and confidence among the defence establishments.
(d) Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that his recent four-nation tour to Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore and South Korea has helped upgrade mutually-beneficial cooperation among all sides. This trip follows upon the Apr 2021 trip by Philippine Foreign Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr, Singapore Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan, Malaysian Foreign Minister Hishammuddin Hussein, and Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi to China upon Wang’s invitation.
4. South Korea’s quest to become a middle power, articulated through autonomy in foreign policy, has been challenged in the ambience of great power competition. Korea’s President Moon said South Korea attaches great importance to its relationship with China. Despite the pandemic challenge, South Korea and China have maintained close high-level communication, and their economic and trade cooperation has grown, setting a good example for international cooperation against the epidemic. Moon said South Korea hopes China will continue to play a constructive role in maintaining peace and contributing to the realization of the denuclearization of the Peninsula.
(a) Wang's trip comes amid stalled negotiations aimed at dismantling North Korea's nuclear and missile programmes in return for U.S. sanctions relief, which fell apart in 2019.
(b) When it comes to security matters, China
made clear that it would protect North Korea if the United States and South Korea attacked it first, even when Beijing was
imposing sanctions on Pyongyang and the risks of a US-North Korea
escalation was high back in 2017. This is in line with the Chinese government’s
commitment to only aid North Korea if the North is subjected to armed attack under Article II of the China-North Korea Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance was signed on 11 July 1961 and renewed for another 20 years in Jul 2021. It is also worth noting that China’s alliance with North Korea is Beijing’s
sole formal security commitment.
(c) A reactivation of inter-Korean hotlines in Jul 2021 boosted hopes for a restart of the denuclearisation talks. But North Korea stopped answering the hotlines as South Korea and the United States began their annual military exercises last month.