European Union Battlegroups
The European Union battlegroups is a project done in the context of the European Security and Defence Policy, its aim being the creation of several rapidly deployable units for international intervention and tasks reaching up to full-combat situations. Interestingly, the EU Battlegroups are to be deployable more rapidly and for shorter periods than the long-planned European Rapid Reaction Force.
A battlegroup is considered to be the smallest self-sufficient military unit that can be deployed and sustained in a theater of operation. Each battlegroup will be composed of 1500 combat soldiers plus support. It is desired that each battlegroup should be ready for launch in 10 days from command, and be in the theater of operations in 15 days. It must be sustainable for at least 30 days, which could be extended to 120 days with rotation.
Background
Under the Headline Goal 2010[1], adopted by EU defence ministers in Brussels in May 2004, six or seven such groups ought to be ready for operation by the year 2007, though the first few battlegroups might be ready much sooner, by the year 2005. In 22 November, 2004, defence ministers met again in Brussels to announce their contributions, and the formation of thirteen such groups were announced.
Contributions
Larger member states will generally contribute their own battlegroups, while smaller members are expected to create common groups. The fifteen battlegroups planned to be formed (two more were announced in addition to the original thirteen on 22 November 2005) will be composed by troops of the following nationalities:
- Nordic Battlegroup — Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Norway[2]
- France
- France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and Spain
- France and Belgium
- United Kingdom
- United Kingdom and the Netherlands
- Germany, the Netherlands and Finland
- Germany, Czech Republic and Austria
- Czech Republic and Slovakia[3]
- Poland, Germany, Slovakia, Latvia and Lithuania
- Italy
- Spanish Italian Amphibious Battlegroup — Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal
- Italy, Hungary and Slovenia
- Spain
- Balkan Battlegroup — Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania[4]
The following Member States have also offered niche capabilities in support of the EU Battlegroups[5]:
- Cyprus (medical group)
- Lithuania (a water purification unit)
- Greece (the Athens Sealift Co-ordination Centre)
- France (structure of a multinational and deployable Force Headquarters)