Given the rather poor relations Iran has with a number of other countries, both within the regional and around the globe, it is possible that Iran might opt to employ a nuclear device against another country before, during or after a conflict. This could be either via a direct attack (and Iran has been attempting to improve and expand their BM arsenal...) by potentially providing a device or devices to third party proxies. -Cheers
Yes but that would be counter productive, would lead to a retaliatory strike against Iran, and would be against the main agenda of the Iranian government - regime survival. It was the Shah who first conceived the idea of having nukes as part of his plan to make Iran a regional power and alongside Israel, a Cold War strategic partner of the U.S. The mullahs when they came to power shelved the programme because it was ''un-Islamic'' and only reluctantly revived it at the urging of the military when things started to go very bad with Iraq.
[nomedia="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmAL4SaGA0s"]The Full Story of Iran's Nuclear Program - Robert Fisk - YouTube[/nomedia]
At present, from an Iranian perspective, they are surrounded by countries who have aligned themselves with the U.S. , are worried about U.S. and Israeli hegemony in the region and are totally convinced that having a nuke will guarantee that Uncle Sam, with the support of Israel and the Sunni Gulf states have no thoughts of regime change.
[nomedia="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYWKmQa_OJQ"]Living with a Nuclear Iran | Robert Kaplan - YouTube[/nomedia]
[nomedia="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLEYB4wYGzY"]Top Israeli firm says the world more likely to accept nuclear Iran than war - YouTube[/nomedia]
A third area of potential concern is that if Iran develops nuclear weaponry, even if they are/were just for use to keep the current regime in power in the face of outside threats... A nuclear armed Iran might well decide to step up its various programmes which support outside groups with weapons and kit, secure in the knowledge that if international pressure becomes too great, Iran literally has a nuclear option.
There is a greater possibility of that happening in Pakistan than in Iran. Though the Pakistani military has full control of its nukes, there is always the possibility of things getting worse in the country and ''jihadist'' elements getting hold of a nuke. Personally, I think that there is more danger and much, much greater possibility of things rapidly getting out of control between India and Pakistan - over Kashmir or something else - leading to a war and the possibility of nukes being used, than in the Middle East. In 1999, at the height of the Kargil war, Pakistan made clear that if India crossed into it's border, Pakistan was more than willing to use nukes on its own territory. And in 2002, both sides came very close to war.
Iran is already known to support non-state actors in the Mideast, and has made comments about having an 'obligation to protect members of the Shia sect' outside of Iran following the suppression of various minority groups in different Gulf states during parts of the 'Arab Spring'. Whether any of the various suppressed groups have any ethnic, religious or cultural ties to Iran or not, I do not know...-Cheers
Iran is not the only country that makes use of non-state actors to support its interests
. Even before the Arab Spring, Iran has always kept a ''protective'' eye out for its Shia brethren in places like Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Lebanon and Iraq. That's one reason why it supported the Northern Alliance way before 9/11 and way before 9//11 held a number of talks with the U.S. on how to contain the Taliban. In places like Karbala in Iraq, the Shiites there feel more affinity to Iran than they do with their own government and the same goes for shiites in Lebanon.