To add to Marc 1's post (there are undercurrent of tension):
Why? The Indons and Malaysians have clashed militarily before - if the Indons get the bomb I'd think that the Malays would follow.
For more information on existing maritime boundary disputes read '
Naval Standoff Between Indonesia, Malaysia' in World Politics Review and this July 2009 article on '
Preventing Incidents at Sea' published in RSIS Commentaries.
And as the Singaporeans and Malaysians have always been suspicious of each other Singapore would follow suit.
Let me highlight 9 points below to demonstrate the trust deficit (and the current state of bilateral relations):
1. Since the independence of Singapore on 9 August 1965, there have been Malaysian politicians that have threatened to unilaterally cut-off water supplies to Singapore in violation of binding agreements /treaties (Singapore obtains up to 40% of our water from Malaysia). This is why Singapore aims to be self-sufficient in water by 2061 when Singapore's second water agreement with Malaysia expires. According to Professor Mauzy, in the last 50 years, there have been 37 violent conflicts between states involving water rights and access to water. International law has provided little help in the prevention or permanent resolution of these conflicts, although 200 other water-sharing treaties have been signed globally. For a more in-depth look, read
this ISEAS paper.
2. Pedra Branca was a source of bilateral tension between Singapore and Malaysia since 21 December 1979 (when Malaysia unilaterally redrew their maps and claimed Pedra Branca as their territory) and these incidents of tension have been documented by Prof. S. Jayakumar and Prof. Tommy Koh in a 2009 book called "Pedra Branca: The Road to the World Court".
(i) At page 46 of the book by Prof. Jayakumar and Prof. Koh, the two authors stated that:
"Of particular concern was a marked increase in the number of intrusions of Malaysian Government vessels in the waters around Pedra Branca. For example, from the period 1990-2000, there were some 64 incidents. However, in the next eight years from the period 2000-2008, there were a total of 563 recorded intrusions with the highest number of incidents (167) in 2007 alone. These Malaysian actions did not make any sense to us because the Court would take into account only the conduct and activities of both sides prior to the critical date."
(ii) Beyond the above incidents, it is also a matter of ICJ court record that Malaysia which had in the past arrested Singapore's fishing vessels to increase tensions, including through the use of physical violence against Singapore fishermen in the vicinity of Pedra Branca.
(iii) The incidents quoted above are a clear indication of hostile intent by the Malaysian Government as they try to create alert fatigue. The fact that incidents after 24 July 2003, made no legal sense at all (as that was the date both countries issued a joint notification to the Registrar of the ICJ, with regards to the agreement to adjudicate the dispute), is an indication of Malaysian hostility (which contributes to the bilateral trust deficit). Looking at the pattern of behaviour, it is clear that the Malaysians were potentially planning an incident if the ICJ ruling was unfavorable (but thankfully, UMNO were able to claim that the ICJ judgment was win-win).
Just because the Singapore Government and the media outlets in Malaysia and Singapore do not play-up these Malaysian initiated incidents from 2000-2008 does not mean that it was not happening. The SAF needed to be prepared for the relevant contingency that may arise from Malaysian actions with the appropriate escalation options to deter them. Thankfully, on 23 May 2008, the ICJ, found that Singapore has sovereignty over Pedra Branca; that Malaysia has sovereignty over Middle Rocks; and that sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located.
3. On 17 March 1985 and on 21 December 1986, Palestinian terrorists set off more bombs at or around Faber House, along Orchard Road in Singapore. We believe the bombs were targeted at the Israeli embassy (then located at Faber House) but no one was killed. One of the Palestinian terrorists, Fuad Hassin al-Shara confessed to the bombings when he was captured by the Israelis in 1991. The 21 December 1986 bombing occurred slightly more than 1 month of the then Israeli President Chaim Herzog's visit to Singapore in November 1986. According to Tim Huxley (at page 45 of his book: 'Defending the Lion City'), a state visit by the Israeli President in Nov 1986 "triggered anti-Singapore demonstrations in Malaysia and political controversy lasting several months." Further, I note that Malaysia has diplomatic relations with the Palestinian Liberation Organization.
4. On 26 March 1991, four Pakistani terrorists, claiming to be members of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP), hijacked SQ 117 from Subang Airport in Kuala Lumpur with 129 passengers and crew. On 27 March 1991, members of our Special Operations Force (SOF) stormed the plane, killing the four Pakistani hijackers and freeing all passengers and crew. Kindly note that Singapore only officially acknowledged that the SOF existed as unit in 1997, as such, all prior news releases attributed the action to Singapore's HQ Commandos formation. The late Ms Benazir Bhutto issued a denial of PPP's involvement. However, it should be noted that Asif Ali Zardori, the husband of the late Ms Bhutto and current President of Pakistan was included among several Pakistani prisoners whom the hijackers of SQ117 wanted released. However, this is not the only terrorist related activity that is linked to events occurring in Malaysian territory - RSIS has some details
here. Please note that I'm not saying that the Malaysian Government has any thing to do with these events (rather that there are security events that occur on Malaysian soil and we need to work with their security agencies).
5. After the SQ117 hijack from Subang Airport in Kuala Lumpur on 26 March 1991 (instead of expressing sympathy, promising to tighten security or increasing security cooperation, as Malaysia had done with the US in the aftermath of Sept 11), the MAF under Dr Mahathir chose to conduct, an combined airborne assault exercise with Indonesia's TNI, codenamed Pukul Habis (Malay for 'Total Wipeout') on 9 August 1991, with a drop zone in southern Johor just 18km from Singapore. Singapore's response was measured and confident. We triggered an Open Mobilisation on the eve of Singapore's 26th National Day.
6. There have been a number of incidents where a decision made by the Malaysian government/armed forces that triggered mobilization in Singapore. According to a senior MAF officer, the MAF was put on alert in late 1998 as politicians argued over the status of the Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) checkpoint. Military officials on both sides privately acknowledged that heightened military preparedness did occur. It indicated a tacit acknowledgement on the part of Malaysia's defence officials that they could not allow the CIQ issue to flare into a casus belli. In fact, we, as a country had to develop a system of rotational alertness levels to cope with the need for rapid mobilization in the event of a sudden outbreak of hostilities.
7. Given the past history of incidents of bilateral tension documented above, at a strategic level, the Singapore Government has decided that they cannot and will not rely on Malaysia to act in a manner that advances common interests.
While the blame for this situation should be shared equally by politicians from both sides of the causeway, the Singapore Government is not in the driver's seat with regards to Malaysia-Singapore bilateral relations.
8. Therefore, despite the fact that Malaysia is Singapore's second largest trading partner after the EU, Singapore is working to reduce dependence on Malaysia, be it in the supply of fuel, food or water - both Water Agreements when they expire will not be renewed. For example, Singapore used to buy most of our pork, chicken and duck from Malaysia but that has significantly changed. A large portion of our imported fresh vegetable are still from Malaysia. However, today, countries like Indonesia and Australia have permanently replaced a significant number of Malaysian food suppliers to Singapore.
(i) In the case of pork, it a major dietary component of the Chinese who make up 75 percent of the population. However, Singapore has totally banned Malaysian pork products since 1999 (upon the discovery of the Nipah virus). Currently, pork products in Singapore are largely from Australia, China, France, Netherlands, Canada, and Denmark. BTW, presently, Indonesian island of Pulau Bulan supplies about 23% of fresh pork to Singapore and 25% of pork sold in Singapore is imported from Australia. To give an idea of the scale of swine imports, in 2008, Indonesia exported 29,000 tons of live swine to Singapore.
(ii) With AVA in concern with Avian Influenza or its subtype- H5N1, imports of poultry from Malaysia have decreased as much as 98% from 2,035 tonnes in 1999 to 50 tonnes in 2006.
Therefore traditional Malaysian trade links and products sold to Singapore are being replaced permanently. For more info see this 2009 article, "
Food consumption and expenditures in Singapore: implications to Malaysia’s agricultural exports" and this
2008 RSIS Commentary which deals with food safety and security for Singapore.
9. On a positive note, things have really changed in Malaysia under the current leadership of Prime Minister Najib Razak - so much so that in June 2009 Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew made a 8-day visit to Malaysia and given access to whom he wanted to meet. In another example, Malaysian political leadership has moved from condemning the 2003 US led invasion of Iraq to volunteering to send 60 Malaysian troops/medical personnel to Afghanistan in support of ISAF efforts and even taking part in
RIMPAC 2010 (along with other Asean countries like Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore). Thankfully, things have changed with Tun Abdul Razak as Malaysian PM. The
24 May 2010 joint statement by both Prime Ministers demonstrate the change. This agreement has been
described as a new era and drew the following
Malaysian reactions.