2cents
I hate when the mainstream media allaround the world do not distinguish between:
1st: the Paracel Islands dispute between the SRV vs. the PRC [ROC also claims those islands.]
2nd: the Spratley Islands dispute between the SRV [all islands] vs. the PRC [ROC; all islands] vs RP [partial claim; according EEZ] vs. MY [partial claim according to EEZ] vs. BN [partial claim according to EEZ]
3rd: PRC[ROC] claims 80% of the South China Sea as their territory - the infamous U-shaped line/Nine-dotted line
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I personaly think that the Paracel Islands dispute is useless for SRV, because PRC already control those islands and has got the military upper hand.
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The Spratley Islands is occupied by all claimants [defacto garrisoned by sailors/soldiers, in case of SRV also civilians]. Eviction [only violently possible] from those islands could be used by the opposing side as cassus belli.
[Altrough I don't think that MY/RP/BN/SRV are so foolish to escalate to that level. Military-wise this would be an invitaion for the PRC to use their superior forces.]
Vietnamese fishermen have been harrassed/arrested by the PRC in the area near the Paracel Islands.
Fishermen from all claimant nations have been harrassed/arrested by other claimants' navy/coast guard in the area of the Spratley Islands.
This has been going on for years, but besides blabla no one has escalated the situation.
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Since the last two years the PRC Coast Guard/Maritime Surveillance/Fisheries Law Enforcement has been much more agressive. They have patrolled within their 80% claim zone[ and therefore inside the other countries' EEZ]. But arrests/harrassment of fishermen were still only in the Paracels & Spratley disputed area.
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The escalation now is that the PRC is planning to drill for oil in the Spratley Island and started to harrass Vietnamese fishermen [ who are inside SRV's EEZ] inside PRC's U-shaped claimed zone.
CMS last week cut cables of a Vietnamese oil ship, which was 120km of SRV's coast [and therefore clearly inside SRV's EEZ] and this week again inside SRV's EEZ.
It's now up the international community to force the PRC[and therefore the ROC] to accept the UNCLOS 200-miles EEZ rule or to face maritme anarchy/rule of strenght.
[What if: UK claims 80% of the North Sea? Or France claims 80% of the Mediterranean? Or Russia claims 80% of the Black Sea?]
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EADS/SSC are going to deliver state of the art maritime surveillance system + mission command center to Vietnam by the end of 2011. In fall 2012 SRV will receive its' first Kilo-class submarine. [Malysia's Scorpene SSK is already operational and RP got a defence treaty with US.]
Since the beginning of economic reforms and opening up the society the PRC and the SRV have substituted Communist ideals with nationalism. Althrough ruling with absolute powers both regimes fear the nationalistic attitude among the youth, which they have seeded.
The CPV draws its' legitimance from leadership during the war times and the war was resistance against giants?
Many Viet youngsters have really bought into the We-Viets-Can-Defeat-Anyone!-education.
Critical Overseas Viets are already accussing the CPV of selling out the country to the PRC. [8billions US$ remittance per year.]
How can the CPC - rulers of a giant - explain concessions to dwarfs in front the Chinese public?
The US once sold out the RVN in 1974/75, but that was acceptible.
Selling out the RP to the PRC & risk to lose all credibility?
[Japan/SK: F* it! Yanks are unreliable, let's go nuclear!]
Can the PRC live with a humiliated&angry SRV, which will run straight into US/India's arms or even goes nuclear because of this? How about Indian/US fleet in Cam Ranh Port?
Or can the PRC make concessions to the SRV to keep the China-friendly faction inside the CPV alive?
What now?
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*Winamp played Tears for Fears' "Everybody Wants To Rule The World", while I wrote this comment!*