These new subs have more capable torps capable of sinking a large USN ship with one hit and none of these has to surface to launch its missiles. Added to this are better hull designs and more endurance.
Nope,
incorrect. The only torp that could sink a CVN with one shot are the British ones designed in the early 1960's. They were nukes. The British stopped producing them as there were other ways to take out Russian Battle Cruisers and Cruisers (of that period)
Nobody makes a nuke torpedo now as there are other ways to achieve the kill.
The most powerful torps currently known would have to hit a CVN at least 3 times to achieve a terminal effect.
A Mk48 ADCAP will sink a WW2 Cruiser sized vessel. 2-3 could finish of a carrier the size of the Vikrant.
If anyone launched a nuke torp, or a nuke ASM, then that's as good as a declaration of war.
Whoever launched it would probably end up with a country that would be the largest piece of silicate in the history of the world.