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Economist summary: Could special forces eliminate Iran’s nuclear programme?
Even after heavy bombing, Iran still possesses roughly 400kg of highly enriched uranium (HEU), enough for around ten nuclear weapons if further enriched. Some American officials have suggested that special forces could physically seize or destroy the material, but doing so would require an enormous and extremely complex military operation.
Most of the uranium is believed to be stored at the Isfahan nuclear complex, about 500km inside Iran, possibly inside tunnels. Reaching and securing the site would likely require helicopters, airborne troops, and the seizure or construction of a nearby airstrip to bring in heavy equipment needed to access underground facilities.
A large force, potentially more than 1,000 troops, would have to secure the area, supported by continuous air cover, drones, satellites, and refuelling aircraft. Israeli forces might participate because of their experience with tunnel warfare, but American logistical support would still be essential.
Handling the uranium itself would also be dangerous. The material is likely stored as uranium hexafluoride in multiple containers. Options include destroying it in place, chemically diluting it, or physically removing it. Each approach carries serious technical and environmental risks.
Such a raid would appeal politically because it could provide a dramatic end to the conflict, but it would also be one of the largest and most complicated special-forces operations ever attempted. Even supporters acknowledge that it would involve significant military risk and extensive preparation.
The conclusion: while technically possible, only the United States likely has the capability to attempt such a mission, and it would require a massive and highly coordinated operation.