New Zealand Army

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
The NZ Herald yesterday come out with headline Hated army assault rifles unlikely to be sold so couldn't resist going and having a look. I should've resisted much more. The journo quoted sources on The Firearm Blog and I can't find the alleged comments there nor could another poster on the blog. Typical Herald BS article. Some interesting comments on the blog from those who claim to be NZ Army.
 
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Todjaeger

Potstirrer
As for me I started my career on the following:

M16A1/L1A1 SLR
Bren/L7A1 GPMG
M79/M16,203

transitioned to the IW/C9 been taught and instructed on the M4 and its derivatives, taught the East Timorese on the M16A2, Tongans on there Galil, instructed others on the AK series, SA80 family, SAR21, Portuguese G3 the list goes on and on.

At the end of it the only fault I can find on the IW Steyr is the sighting system the SP IW Steyr while not as sexy as an M4 outperformed the M4 in every category going like,

Reliability,
Functionability,
Range,
Lethality etc,

It is still an outstanding weapon system that's need to be updated and the F90 looks and feels a better package.

The Mk 262 ball round in an 20 inch barrel comes very close to the performance one would see in a 7.62mm rifle so my gut feeling is the F90 will be in a shoot off with what ever HK416 type system makes it, but no way is an M4/HK416 ever going to outshoot a IW in both accuracy or range the deck is too stacked thanks to that extra 4 inches and 1:7 twist in the F90.

Fully understanding your weapon knowing how to employ it is still the main fundamental skill set, there is no better proof of this mantra than the current Steyr with the 1.5 site out shooting the SP Steyr with Acogs at the Freyberg shooting Competition thanks to 5/7 RNZIR who are the current RNZIR shooting champions.

So regardless what we get at the end of the day if our training fails to prepare our soldiers properly then nothing we purchase is going to rectify that training gap.
Regarding training, I had thought that studies had determined that personnel unfamiliar with firearms get up to speed firing bullpup rifle designs faster than 'conventional' designs where the trigger is located after the mag slot.

In short, a bullpup is easier for beginners to learn on, and allows a greater barrel length (and the resulting benefits) for the same overall rifle length.

I am all for the specials having some M4's, as the circumstances dictate, but IMO adopting the M4 as a general/main service weapon would be a step in the wrong direction. Just look at all the reported issues that US troops have had using them.

-Cheers
 

Joe Black

Active Member
Regarding training, I had thought that studies had determined that personnel unfamiliar with firearms get up to speed firing bullpup rifle designs faster than 'conventional' designs where the trigger is located after the mag slot.

In short, a bullpup is easier for beginners to learn on, and allows a greater barrel length (and the resulting benefits) for the same overall rifle length.

I am all for the specials having some M4's, as the circumstances dictate, but IMO adopting the M4 as a general/main service weapon would be a step in the wrong direction. Just look at all the reported issues that US troops have had using them.

-Cheers
The Kiwis get to choose a new AR combat rifle, perhaps they should consider the following:
1. FN SCAR-L/SCAR-H
2. HK 416/417 (rather than the M4)
3. Magpul/Remington/Bushmaster (Masada) ACR (the ultimate rifle in the market i reckon)

All of them have the 5.56mm and 7.62mm version.
 

pkcasimir

Member
Just look at all the reported issues that US troops have had using them.



Problems with the M4 showed up early and have been resolved over the years and after an extensive battlefield experience that no other rifle out there has gone through. It says something that the US Army, under intense Congressional pressure and after extensive testing, decided to stay with the M4.
There is not a rifle out there that doesn't have problems;witness SOCOM's experience with the FN SCAR.
 

Waylander

Defense Professional
Verified Defense Pro
And the extensive battlefield experience has shown that the short barrel comes with all sorts of problems and special ammunition needed to be developed in order to raise it's performance to an acceptable level when firing at longer ranges than on the urban battlefields of Iraq.

And you get plenty of rails on modern HKs, FNs or Steyrs (and it's derivates).
If global spare parts supply for your main assault rifle is an issue one should think about not deploying at all.

Actual advantages in performance have close to zero impact on the US Army using the M4...
 

Bonza

Super Moderator
Staff member
These are some of the comments on the 1RNZIR FB page;

The design of the Steyr is still pretty god damn good.... IMO, the ergonomics of the rifle are pretty good, its a little heavier than some, and doesn't have a big "cool guy" factor about it, but its smaller than the ARs and well thought out and functional.... but "i think" its the old 5.56mmx45mm that has shown its weakness... outside of the close country conflict.

And the old sight on the Steyr was also found to be wanting..... optics...optics and optics... good optics will also help no end!,

However, I do know the SCAR family was trialed a couple of years ago and found to be....inadequate.

Fuk the cocking handle though - SCARL

these comments are from very high ranking still serving Infantrymen who were a part of the last trial/tutu with Combat School/Cap branch.

As for me I started my career on the following:

M16A1/L1A1 SLR
Bren/L7A1 GPMG
M79/M16,203

transitioned to the IW/C9 been taught and instructed on the M4 and its derivatives, taught the East Timorese on the M16A2, Tongans on there Galil, instructed others on the AK series, SA80 family, SAR21, Portuguese G3 the list goes on and on.

At the end of it the only fault I can find on the IW Steyr is the sighting system the SP IW Steyr while not as sexy as an M4 outperformed the M4 in every category going like,

Reliability,
Functionability,
Range,
Lethality etc,

It is still an outstanding weapon system that's need to be updated and the F90 looks and feels a better package.

The Mk 262 ball round in an 20 inch barrel comes very close to the performance one would see in a 7.62mm rifle so my gut feeling is the F90 will be in a shoot off with what ever HK416 type system makes it, but no way is an M4/HK416 ever going to outshoot a IW in both accuracy or range the deck is too stacked thanks to that extra 4 inches and 1:7 twist in the F90.

Fully understanding your weapon knowing how to employ it is still the main fundamental skill set, there is no better proof of this mantra than the current Steyr with the 1.5 site out shooting the SP Steyr with Acogs at the Freyberg shooting Competition thanks to 5/7 RNZIR who are the current RNZIR shooting champions.

So regardless what we get at the end of the day if our training fails to prepare our soldiers properly then nothing we purchase is going to rectify that training gap.
Thanks for such a detailed answer CD. The development of M855A1 sounds like a step in the right direction for those users of carbine rifles, but it seems people often forget that the old ammunition doesn't have the same issues when the weapon used has the features appropriate to the ammunition, meaning a rifle with a 20 inch barrel and the proper twist.

One can see from a review of reports of "lethality issues" that they are centred chiefly around the M4 and other similarly short barrelled rifles. For example I haven't seen any complaints from the USMC about the M16A4, or from the US Army about their designated marksman variant of the M16 (and I believe there's one or two other variants of full length DMR chambered for 5.56mm in US military service).

What I don't understand is why the NZDF would spend a large sum of money on replacing their rifles with another rifle that does not offer a considerable increase in capability, and as we've pointed out is actually less capable in certain areas. Refurbishing existing stocks of Steyrs and upgrading optics (as you mentioned) would surely be far cheaper. If a new rifle is to be adopted then why not jump on with Australia for the EF88? Seems to make more sense to me than just running out and getting the latest and greatest M4-type carbine. Do you think there's a chance of NZ going for the EF88, or do you think refurbished rifles with updated optics are a better balance between cost and capability? (EDIT: Sorry, I just noticed you already effectively referenced the EF88 when you brought up the F90, brain fart on my behalf)

I mean the special forces are going to use whatever they want and they do seem generally to favour M4-type carbines, but their requirements are not the same as those of the regular Army. For example I assume commonality between special forces from other nations, chiefly AU and US, would be seen as highly beneficial, considering the nature of special forces deployments. But to me this doesn't equate to the regular Army needing the same commonality with allied nations as the deployments are not the same as the special forces, nor is logistics chain available to them.

Maybe I'm barking up the wrong tree but happy to stand corrected, would like to hear more of your thoughts.
 
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Cadredave

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
Thanks for such a detailed answer CD. The development of M855A1 sounds like a step in the right direction for those users of carbine rifles, but it seems people often forget that the old ammunition doesn't have the same issues when the weapon used has the features appropriate to the ammunition, meaning a rifle with a 20 inch barrel and the proper twist.

One can see from a review of reports of "lethality issues" that they are centred chiefly around the M4 and other similarly short barrelled rifles. For example I haven't heard seen any complaints from the USMC about the M16A4, or from the US Army about their designated marksman variant of the M16 (and I believe there's one or two other variants of full length DMR chambered for 5.56mm in US military service).
USMC speak highly of both the A4 and HK IAR for that very reason the length of the barrel and twist that does give them the ability to reach out and touch somebody at distance, yes they are both very long to manoeuvre around but with the appropriate training you do get over that limitation.

What I don't understand is why the NZDF would spend a large sum of money on replacing their rifles with another rifle that does not offer a considerable increase in capability, and as we've pointed out is actually less capable in certain areas. Refurbishing existing stocks of Steyrs and upgrading optics (as you mentioned) would surely be far cheaper. If a new rifle is to be adopted then why not jump on with Australia for the EF88? Seems to make more sense to me than just running out and getting the latest and greatest M4-type carbine. Do you think there's a chance of NZ going for the EF88, or do you think refurbished rifles with updated optics are a better balance between cost and capability? (EDIT: Sorry, I just noticed you already effectively referenced the EF88 when you brought up the F90, brain fart on my behalf)
Don't know the answer to the second part of your question, I get the feeling that Steyr were not coming to the party in regards to price for the very small order that was meant to be placed about 18 months ago and we couldn't wait for the ADI/Thales F90 to tag an order onto.

The small 2000 weapons was to be funded out of the minors budget now that NZDF is requesting for 8k+ that has taken it out of CDF sign off to cabinet hence the RiT that has gone out. NZDF still has the trial weapons so I know that they will be having a shoot off with our DTA (Defence Technology Agency) in attendance to ensure they have the science to back up the choice presented to Cabinet in 2015.

I mean the special forces are going to use whatever they want and they do seem generally to favour M4-type carbines, but their requirements are not the same as those of the regular Army. For example I assume commonality between special forces from other nations, chiefly AU and US, would be seen as highly beneficial, considering the nature of special forces deployments. But to me this doesn't equate to the regular Army needing the same commonality with allied nations as the deployments are not the same as the special forces, nor is logistics chain available to them.
Correct they have a separate budget in which they can purchase the necessary tools to stay in touch with the other specials around and commonality of Logistics is very important to them to seamlessly fit into SASR/22 or SOCOM. For the Conventional Army having a common weapon to Australia is a major we can and do fit seamlessly into your logistics hence I still see the F90 being at the top of the list for logistics reasons as well as lethality, range.

well that's my take on it who knows now that the Battle Labs are involved anything can happen.
 

Cadredave

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
Regarding training, I had thought that studies had determined that personnel unfamiliar with firearms get up to speed firing bullpup rifle designs faster than 'conventional' designs where the trigger is located after the mag slot.

In short, a bullpup is easier for beginners to learn on, and allows a greater barrel length (and the resulting benefits) for the same overall rifle length.
Sorry TOD didn't see your post, you are correct it is easier to train a novice on the Steyr than it is to retrain someone on an conventional design. Always found it a pleasure at recruit training school to instruct basic soldier's on the Steyr for all the reason you stated its just a compact weapon to teach someone how to operate properly, recoil is negligible etc.

Having a weapon that is the same length as an M4 but with the 20 inch barrel cant be reiterated enough that is the true strength of the bullpup design.

I am all for the specials having some M4's, as the circumstances dictate, but IMO adopting the M4 as a general/main service weapon would be a step in the wrong direction. Just look at all the reported issues that US troops have had using them.
No argument from me on that one Tod a lot of people in our Army see the specials looking Gucci and want to carry what they have without going to do the relevant selection course to get into the Unit. They forget that the Conventional Army has a very different role to specials and the Australian Army is the most likely force we will be attached to for Doctrinal, Training, and Logistics reasons.

The specials have earned the right to look Gucci and carry what ever they need to carry to fulfil there missions but the M4 just does not meet the needs of the NZ Army for a whole number of reasons and what works for the US Army at squad, platoon level just doesn't suit our needs.

We are deficient at a number of areas however that extra reach we have with the Steyr is one area we do have over the M4 now all we need is an open architecture and a better x4 day sight to go with the 20 inch barrel.

well that's my 2 cents worth.

Onward
 

RegR

Well-Known Member
So the F90 so far is looking like a good, appropriate and safe bet with a lot of the required boxes ticked (remember it's rare to get the entire wishlist for any capability anyway) and other dealbreakers such as Aus interaoperability (something like this rather than say a 50 million dollar aircraft is a lot more do-able, relevant and realistic IMO) and not needing an entirely whole new training syllabus or SOP written up.

That being said we probably won't get it then as it seems to easy and straightforward and could possibly work as specified resulting in a successful project. Now to just drag this out for a few more years, only get half and skimp on the accessories and we should be on track for a good acquisition.
 

Zero Alpha

New Member
What would be interesting is the evaluation report from Police, and how they ended up with the rifle they did. It would also be interesting to know how many armourers in Police trained on the Steyr.

I strongly suspect and ambidextrous design that can cope with a variety of body sizes, personal accruements and simplicity featured highly.

Body size is a very real issue. While good training can mitigate the limited adjustments available for the Steyr, ultimately it's making the best of a bad situation. You're never going to get as good a sighting picture as you can achieve with variable stock lengths.
 

Bonza

Super Moderator
Staff member
What would be interesting is the evaluation report from Police, and how they ended up with the rifle they did. It would also be interesting to know how many armourers in Police trained on the Steyr.

I strongly suspect and ambidextrous design that can cope with a variety of body sizes, personal accruements and simplicity featured highly.

Body size is a very real issue. While good training can mitigate the limited adjustments available for the Steyr, ultimately it's making the best of a bad situation. You're never going to get as good a sighting picture as you can achieve with variable stock lengths.
What does it matter what the police chose to do? Their requirements are not the same as that of the army. Furthermore your other points are things that can all be rectified by training. Re-read CadreDave's posts - he's in the business and has actual trigger time on the weapons being discussed in addition to having experience training people in the use of various small arms. It might be useful to meditate on that when approaching the topic.
 

Zero Alpha

New Member
The small 2000 weapons was to be funded out of the minors budget now that NZDF is requesting for 8k+ that has taken it out of CDF sign off to cabinet hence the RiT that has gone out. NZDF still has the trial weapons so I know that they will be having a shoot off with our DTA (Defence Technology Agency) in attendance to ensure they have the science to back up the choice presented to Cabinet in 2015.
.
Probably worth noting that the in-service weapons replacement project hasn't had a
good history from a process and approvals perspective. The 3000 upgraded Steyrs were part of a wider project approved by Cabinet.

Evaluation report 4/2011 - Executive summary [Ministry of Defence NZ]
 

Zero Alpha

New Member
What does it matter what the police chose to do? Their requirements are not the same as that of the army. Furthermore your other points are things that can all be rectified by training. Re-read CadreDave's posts - he's in the business and has actual trigger time on the weapons being discussed in addition to having experience training people in the use of various small arms. It might be useful to meditate on that when approaching the topic.
It matters because the wider government context is important, and because they can often be informative of the commercial terms offered and their acceptability or otherwise to the Crown. Dave had indicated that the Steyr manufacturer wouldn't play ball on small numbers in his earlier post.

I don't have Dave's breadth of experience on the range of weapons, but I've had experience with the Steyr and the M4 family. I've also had extensive experience as an instructional designer. The idea that all things can be resolved with training just isn't correct. Good training can only teach the trainee to make the most of the tool they have. It's never going to give the trainee silk from a pig's ear.

You could also look at what the Police have in common with some of the Defence community and see what capability overlap there is. Taking an objective look at roles and missions you'd find more in common than different for most users (recognizing that infantry are in the minority of users).
 

ngatimozart

Super Moderator
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
It matters because the wider government context is important, and because they can often be informative of the commercial terms offered and their acceptability or otherwise to the Crown. Dave had indicated that the Steyr manufacturer wouldn't play ball on small numbers in his earlier post.

I don't have Dave's breadth of experience on the range of weapons, but I've had experience with the Steyr and the M4 family. I've also had extensive experience as an instructional designer. The idea that all things can be resolved with training just isn't correct. Good training can only teach the trainee to make the most of the tool they have. It's never going to give the trainee silk from a pig's ear.

You could also look at what the Police have in common with some of the Defence community and see what capability overlap there is. Taking an objective look at roles and missions you'd find more in common than different for most users (recognizing that infantry are in the minority of users).
Why would the infantry be classified as minority users? They might be purely based upon personnel numbers but their basic stock tool of trade is their rifle and they spend many hours with that weapon so that actually makes them the major client not a minority user. You are right you do not have Daves experience and considering that, he is far more qualified to comment. Secondly, you will find that other considerations such as logistics support and commonality with Australia will play an important part with this decision. This project is in I think it's third iteration. One thing I learned when I was in uniform (two different NZDF uniforms), was that given time and proper training, any service person can be turned into a good rifleman regardless of the weapon. You can have the most guccied weapon in the world and still be a piss poor rifleman, because you don't a proper technique. There is no logical correlation between what the NZ Police use and what the NZDF use as far as weapons are concerned. They are two completely different organisations with completely different missions and roles.
 

Todjaeger

Potstirrer
It matters because the wider government context is important, and because they can often be informative of the commercial terms offered and their acceptability or otherwise to the Crown. Dave had indicated that the Steyr manufacturer wouldn't play ball on small numbers in his earlier post.
The wider gov't context is only important if and when relevant. In the case of kit for defence, especially weapons, how many other gov't departments have a need for weapons? Under what circumstances are those weapons need? Again, context is key.

I don't have Dave's breadth of experience on the range of weapons, but I've had experience with the Steyr and the M4 family. I've also had extensive experience as an instructional designer. The idea that all things can be resolved with training just isn't correct. Good training can only teach the trainee to make the most of the tool they have. It's never going to give the trainee silk from a pig's ear.
Agreed, a sow's ear cannot be made into a silk purse. So the question becomes what criteria is more important to Defence and Army? Having an extra 5.5" barrel which increases accuracy at range as well as increases the munition effectiveness at range? Or having a rifle which can accomodate different body sizes*? The ambidexterity issue is a non-issue, since the Steyr AUG is also ambidextrous. Also the overall size of an M4 and Steyr AUG is about the same.

*I am dubious about the M4's ability to accomodate different body sizes

You could also look at what the Police have in common with some of the Defence community and see what capability overlap there is. Taking an objective look at roles and missions you'd find more in common than different for most users (recognizing that infantry are in the minority of users).
Again, what police personnel have/use rifles in NZ, and under what circumstances. I could be wrong, but I would imagine that M4's in police service would be in the hands of special tactical teams, to be used in CQB, forced entry, anti-terrorism, hostage rescue and similar types of roles/missions. If that is the case, then I suspect that there is not a high demand for such weapons (meaning effectively no economies of scale, esp. if a 2,000 rifle order was not sufficient...) and the planned/expected engagement range is well under 200 meters.

That context is very important, because such requirements are more inline with what the NZSAS has for a rifle.
 

Cadredave

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
So the F90 so far is looking like a good, appropriate and safe bet with a lot of the required boxes ticked (remember it's rare to get the entire wishlist for any capability anyway) and other dealbreakers such as Aus interaoperability (something like this rather than say a 50 million dollar aircraft is a lot more do-able, relevant and realistic IMO) and not needing an entirely whole new training syllabus or SOP written up.

That being said we probably won't get it then as it seems to easy and straightforward and could possibly work as specified resulting in a successful project. Now to just drag this out for a few more years, only get half and skimp on the accessories and we should be on track for a good acquisition.
I wouldn't go that far yet Reg any thing could happen with DTA, price negotiations etc but during the last trial the A3 Aug did out shoot every other weapon system, SCAR, HK416, M4, Bushmaster

CD
 
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Zero Alpha

New Member
Tod, the Bushmaster is the rifle used by general duties Police - locked in each operational vehicle and generally used ahead of a pistol when firearms are needed. The point is that with the very limited training time available to police annual (measured in hours, not days), they can achieve proficiency for their roles (essentially self protection).
 

Zero Alpha

New Member
Why would the infantry be classified as minority users? They might be purely based upon personnel numbers but their basic stock tool of trade is their rifle and they spend many hours with that weapon so that actually makes them the major client not a minority user.
Being in the minority doesn't mean they aren't important. If you look at the approach taken for the LSW, the infantry ended up with a higher-spec piece of kit than the rest of the Army. This reflects a different set of user needs. Most users of the Steyr aren't riflemen; their needs a different and generally simpler. I'd be surprised if a one size fits all approach is taken.
 

gf0012-aust

Grumpy Old Man
Staff member
Verified Defense Pro
Body size is a very real issue. While good training can mitigate the limited adjustments available for the Steyr, ultimately it's making the best of a bad situation. You're never going to get as good a sighting picture as you can achieve with variable stock lengths.

That's just not the case in real life

I've worked on a few small arms projects - and with traditional long arms and bullpups

one of the clear and persistent benefits of bullpup designs is that (and esp with the Steyr and P90) completely green soldiers were able to realise tighter groupings in a far shorter time frame compared to M4/M16's

the training costs and the capacity to get better effectiveness in training was significant

you're making claims about training impact and weapons effectiveness which have been readily discounted across a number of militaries who have selected bullpup designs as the principle weapon.
 
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