Its not because Iran is in any way a real threat to the u.s or allied air forces tho, a air campain would have some losses. The problome with iran imop is that it realy has a plethora of options that could drag the us into a unwanted ground war and potentially one with few alies. Much has been made of irans threats to block the straits but noone seems to conciter the implecations of iran responding without using that option.
Not only would iran closing the straits deprive it of its alies in the u.n (russia and china) it would also no doubt be used as a rallying point for the u.s to incress its coalition and balince the condemation it would recive world wide from attacking iran by reopening the straits. Somthing that would be done easyer then many seem to think
On the other hand keeping it open well responding by attacking u.s bases in reagion and isreal would put the presure on the u.s to find alies even the arab nations opposed to iran would have difficulty attacking iran if she chose to keep the straits open and launched rockets at isreal (no doubt a popular move in the m.e). Iran with all its forces already in theater by default could attack one or more u.s bases forcing a humilating retreat potentialy even a defeat on u.s forces as unlikely as that sounds it is a very real posabilty unless the u.s chooses to incress forces or pull back forces in bases and outposts close to iranian borders before a air strike
Much as I disagree with many on this forum that Iran is incapable of causing much harm to the US in the Gulf, Iran simply lack the ability to take a base or force the withdrawal of those force, which include 2 carrier battle groups. Given that the Americans would have to transit the Strait of Hormuz to retreat from the Gulf after the fighting starts, they would be more or less trapped in the Gulf until it ends, even if the strait is not blocked by Iran. They would just be too vulnerable.
Desert Storm in 1991 showed that as long as Israel does not strike back, and, unlike in Iraq, Israel is extremely limited as to what they could do without Arab cooperation, that the Arab nations will not automatically switch support a nation attacking Israel. They will especially not do so for Iran, because Iran is not Sunni Arab, but Shia Persian. Israel has missile defenses now, which they did not have in 1991, which will mitigate the effects, and Iran has only a limited number of missiles with the range to reach Israel. Most of those missiles are believed not to have guidance systems capable of targeting anything smaller than a city. These missiles are adaptations of shorter range missiles, and achieved those ranges at the expense of reduced warhead sizes, further limiting the damage they can do, unless WMDs warheads, mostly likely gas (Mustard or Sarin), are used. If WMDs are used on the US forces or Israel Iran’s support in the UN and the rest of the world is gone, the US takes the gloves off, and the Iranian theocracy will shortly be history.
Any attack on US forces in the Gulf would give the US cause to board and impound any vessel carrying Iranian oil. They still are exporting about 1/3 their pre-sanction capacity, mostly to China and India. Loss of that trade would be disastrous in the long run, say 2+ months. They are also dependent on the rest of the Gulf states for a variety of necessary imports, which would also be lost in a US blockade. All this would be possible without the US going much beyond coastal strikes.
Either one of thoes outcomes would requier a strong us response draging us further into full out war with iran either by ground or expanding the air campain indefently (as Iran is unlikly to surrender on favorable tearms to a air campain alone)
with china/russia blocking u.n moves against iran, the fact that the u.s will be seen as a agresser around the world if it attacks first, the political probolems a arab state would have delaring war on a country attacking isreal, and the removale of the all the probloms iran would have internationly from closing the straits Iran could go along way to isolating the u.s to just a very few alies by keeping the oil flowing
It can also force the us to respond by attacking one of the micro kingdomes it borders and the u.s will have to respond. Its a suicide move for iran in the long run but they just might go japan style and figger they can force a settlement if they sting them hard enuff
Directly attacking one of the ‘micro kingdoms’ is the surest way for Iran force the rest of the Gulf, and the rest of the Arab governments, into the arms of the USA. Iran knows this. An indirect attack via a Shia uprising will be handled by forces from the neighboring governments, most likely Saudi Arabia, not by the USA.
I think this line of thinking is lost on neither iranian or u.s stratigests (and neither is the fact iran will hold u.s hostages agian somthing no president wants to be in the hot seat for)
And a ground war is a awfull option for the u.s as iran is a leader in asemtrical warfare with proven tactics and experience and a operating enviroment positivly poisonious to a united states ocupation. Dont get me wrong in no senerio can iran defeat the u.s in a ground war but they can make it very costly as im shure most people in these fourms are aware so i can save the time of typing it out
I know this post bases its premis on the geopolitcs of the sitiuation but as clausewitz says..anyways want to keep this post somwhat reasonable in length so ill end it
An invasion to take over Iran is likely to be a disaster for the invaders. A massive raid, where the attackers avoid trying to take and hold any of the cities and retreat immediately after achieving their objectives (probably destroying known parts of the Iranian nuclear program), could be a political disaster for Iran, who cannot defeat the forces already in the region in open warfare, and knows it.
Currently Iran is playing for time, hoping something will come along and change the situation in their favor. All their options for direct action are bad, but some are worse. Picking a fight with anyone in the Gulf is definitely in the ‘worse’ column. Tricking the US into attacking Iran would be not as bad.