The effects of testosterone on the developing human skeleton are well established. They include greater bone mass and density - which reduces the tendency to fracture on impact , a broader and deeper chest - giving greater aerobic capacity, a narrower pelvis - which according to some sources is optimal for running and jumping, and (oddly enough) a shorter upper arm - which provides greater leverage to the muscles involved in carrying and lifting.
Media articles also cite reports that women are far more likely to suffer injury at the same level of impact, are more likely to receive a medical discharge through training or service-related injury and are more susceptible to hygiene-related infections under those active service conditions which reduce access to amenities such as regular washing.
Perhaps it is illustrative of the difficulties faced in the integration of women into frontline ground combat to consider their participation in those sports which place an emphasis on strength, speed, endurance and the ability to endure physical contact. While there are some pretty tough ladies (by normal standards) in some of the all-female competitions, I know of no such sport in which women regularly compete at a high level on an equal basis with men . Can anyone enlighten me further?
Having said this, I would normally enter a caveat. I am philosophically inclined towards the position that it is the capacity of the individual to do the job which should be the basic criteria. However the cost of integrating women into an all-male combat environment - cost in combat effectiveness, morale and efficient use of resources appears to indicate that this significantly outweighs the benefits of including the relatively small number of women who are physically capable of meeting strength and fitness standards. I suggest that the welfare on the army as a whole, not to mention that of their nation, is more important than the rights of a small proportion of women recruits to what is really a small proportion of the available jobs in the military.
If there really were a great number of female recruits clamoring to join the infantry, then I suggest that it would be most appropriate to set up an all-female unit and see how it performs.
Therefore I'd be very interested to know whether the use of women such as that under discussion - in the NZSAS - is based on their full integration, or whether they are used in special roles. I can imagine that they might have some advantages in certain covert, counter-terrorism or VIP Protection roles, but I lack the experience to say for sure.
Peter