MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA
Date Posted: 29-Jun-2007
Jane's Defence Weekly - July 04, 2007
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US votes to withhold military aid until Egypt instigates reforms
Alon Ben-David Correspondent
Tel Aviv
The US House of Representatives has voted to withhold USD200 million out of Egypt's USD1.3 billion military aid in 2008 until Egypt implements human rights reforms and exerts better control over the Gaza Strip border.
The decision, part of the US 2008 Foreign Aid bill passed at the House on 22 June, marks the first time that the US has threatened to inhibit military aid to Egypt or tie it to Egypt's domestic policies.
According to the bill, which still requires Senate approval, the sum of USD200 million out of Egypt's Foreign Military Financing (FMF) package will be withheld until Egypt:
— enacts and implements a new judicial authority law that protects the independence of the judiciary;
— reviews criminal procedures and trains police leadership in modern policing to curb police abuses; and
— detects and destroys the smuggling network and tunnels that lead from Egypt to Gaza.
The ban on the transfer of funds to Egypt will be lifted only after the Secretary of State clarifies to Congress that Egypt has met those requirements.
Since the 1979 peace accord with Israel, Egypt has been the second largest recipient of US military aid, but this decision signals the growing dissatisfaction in Congress with Egypt and the loosening of ties between the two countries.
At the same time, US President George W Bush has pledged to increase military aid to Israel over the course of the next decade.
Following a meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert on 20 June, Bush stated he is committed to reaching a new 10-year agreement that will give Israel the increased assistance it requires to meet the new threats and challenges it faces.
He said he will send Under Secretary of State Nicolas Burns and an interagency team to Israel in July "to lead discussions aimed at concluding an agreement soon".
Israel is requesting to increase the annual FMF package, currently set at USD2.4 billion, by an additional USD50 million annually over the next 10 years, setting it at USD2.9 billion in 2017.
"I am strongly committed to Israel's security and viability as a Jewish state and to the maintenance of its qualitative military edge," said Bush's statement.
This year was the final year of another decade-long agreement signed in 1997, at a time when the US provided Israel with USD1.8 billion through the FMF programme and USD1.2 billion in Economic Support Funds (ESF). The previous agreement called for a USD60 million annual increase of the FMF package to Israel, while annually reducing the ESF by USD120 million, until 2008, when no economic aid will be provided.
Under the existing agreement, most of the FMF funds are restricted to procurement in the US and Israel is allowed to use only USD640 million for procurement elsewhere.