Turkish armed forces OrBat
- Thread starter BuSOF
- Start date
FutureTank
Banned Member
Have you tried searching online first?
Welcome Busof. I was a guest in the late 70's and have been dieing for a cold Efe's Pilen ever since. This should help you with the TAF. http://www.scramble.nl/tr.htm
I like keeping abreast of the Turkish armed forces since I really admire the way they have modernized and deployed in the last 30 years.
I like keeping abreast of the Turkish armed forces since I really admire the way they have modernized and deployed in the last 30 years.
- Thread Starter Thread Starter
- #4
Yes I have, even looked up at their website with the help of a turkish friend of mine and I didn't find anything. That is the reason why I asked the question here. By the way thanks for the link Rich but I have plenty of info 'bout the Turk Hava Kuvvetleri. You should try www.ole-nikolajsen.com, the site is amazing.
P.S. I'm not looking for the inventory, I have it all, what I need is:
General Staff
SpesOps Command...
Ground forces
1st army
? corps
? brigade (city)
? brigade (city)
? brigade (city)........................................
Last edited:
FutureTank
Banned Member
Oob 1996
You can look here http://www.tdg.nu/OOBs/1946+/oob_turkey_1996.htm
Should be still good for OOB but obviously the equipment has changed
You can look here http://www.tdg.nu/OOBs/1946+/oob_turkey_1996.htm
Should be still good for OOB but obviously the equipment has changed
FutureTank
Banned Member
Turkish SF
There is another thread for Turkish Armed Forces in the forum already.
I can't remember where I got this, but you may find this interesting
The special forces within the Turkish Armed Forces are one of the finest among their counterparts throughout the world. Despite the fact that there are many other special operations commando units, such as the Mountain Commando Brigades, Gendarmerie Commandos and Marine Corps, within the Turkish Armed Forces, they do not fall under the definition/classification of modern day special forces.
The Turkish special forces units could be classified into the following:
1. SPECIAL FORCES COMMAND - GENERAL STAFF HEADQUARTERS (Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi - O.K.K.)
The manpower required for the Special Forces Command (OKK), which is publicly known as Red Berets, is acquired from the selected officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) of various units operating under the Land Forces Command. In other words, the Army officers and NCOs only are eligible to join this elite unit. This unit directly operates under the command of the General Staff Headquarters. The individuals forming this special unit are selected from their regular army troops on voluntary basis. Not all who volunteers are admitted though since there is a pass/fail written exam as well as physical tests to go through. Those who pass the exams become special forces candidates. Adequate linguistic skills in at least one foreign language is a plus for admission. The candidates then have to complete a challenging training period which lasts around 2.5 years. Many drop out during this intense training period. Training encompasses fitness, obstacle, Martial Arts, close quarters combat (CQC), biological/chemical/nuclear warfare, parachuting, diving, sniping, demolition, counter-terrorism, search and rescue, stealth seek and destroy, reconnaissance and survival. Learning foreign languages is a part of the training. During the training, candidates are pushed by their instructors to their limits, both physically and mentally. Training schedule includes all aspects of a modern day regular and psychological warfare. 100 kilometer terrain-walking with a 40 kg. load is just an example of what the candidates have to go through during training. Although the official size of the OKK stands at a Division level, this includes non-combatant units and behind-the-desk duties as well. The combatant size of the OKK is not greater than 500. The OKK may be considered as the Turkish counterpart of the US Green Berets.
Within the OKK, there is a more specialized unit with only 100 members. Although the name of the unit is Combat Search and Rescue (Muharebe Arama Kurtarma - M.A.K.), its duties focus more on unconventional warfare and military intelligence. No further information is available on MAK except for the fact that it is thought to be established and organized like its US counterpart Delta Force. It also differs from the OKK in that its members are selected not only from the Army, but also from the other two main forces, Navy and Air Force. It should not be difficult to conclude that the MAK members are the best of the best within the Turkish Armed Forces.
OKK and MAK perform a variety of duties such as:
- Surveillance on enemy structures, facilities, defense systems or strategically relevant buildings.
- Covert sabotage against enemy units and structures.
- Infiltration.
- Reconnaissance.
- Hostage/POW/downed pilot rescue.
- Counter-terrorism missions.
- Close Quarter Combat.
- Organization and training of friendly civilians against the enemy.
OKK and MAK both took part in the accomplishment of several missions. Capture of Abdullah Ocalan, the Chief of the terrorist PKK organization, in Kenya and of Semdin Sakik, PKK's second chief in charge were carried out by the OKK. The OKK gained vast amount of experience in search and destroy type missions, especially in rural areas and caves in South-East Turkey during its years long campaign against the PKK. The OKK has also been undertaking missions in Bosnia, Kosovo, Albania, Afghanistan and North Iraq. A few OKK teams were sent to Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom and trained the new recruits of the newly-established regular Afghan Army.
2. NAVAL SPECIAL FORCES
The Naval Special Forces of the Turkish Armed Forces are classified under two categories. Although these two categories, publicly known as SAS and SAT, are thought to be the same by many people, in fact they are not. They are two different units with completely different specialization areas and range of duties. The personnel of both units are selected only from the Navy officers and non-commissioned officers on voluntary basis.
A. UNDERWATER DEFENSE TEAMS (Su Alti Savunma - S.A.S.)
Underwater Defense Teams (SAS) are the counterparts of the US Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT). Their main tasks are:
- Deactivation or disposal of explosive material, mines and/or unidentified ordinance under the water off the friendly ports and coasts.
- Deactivation or disposal of explosive material, mines and/or unidentified ordinance under the water off the target coasts or ports. That includes clearing of the target beaches of mines, explosives, booby traps and tank traps, prior to the amphibious assault of the friendly forces.
- Deactivation or disposal of explosives and mines that might be present on the course of the friendly troops and/or VIP military personnel.
- Consultancy in defending the strategic facilities against stealth assaults by enemy commandos.
SAS units do not perform assault, counter-terrorism, recon or CQC missions. A real-time duty executed by the SAS has been the clearing of the Girne Beach, Cyprus, prior to the amphibious assault of the Turkish Armed Forces to the island in 1974.
Note: SAS stands for Su Alti Savunma in Turkish, which can be translated as Underwater Defense. It has no connection nor any resembelence to the British SAS.
B. UNDERWATER ASSAULT TEAMS (Su Alti Taaruz - S.A.T.)
Underwater Assault Teams (SAT) are the counterparts of the US Navy Seals. Their main tasks are:
- Surveillance on enemy structures, facilities, defense systems or strategically relevant buildings.
- Covert sabotage against naval units and/or enemy structures.
- Covert landing and infiltration.
- Reconnaissance on beaches being considered for amphibious landing operations.
- Determining secure landing paths.
- Underwater recon within 2.5 m deep water/beach corridors.
- Direct action during first wave of landing missions.
- Hostage/POW/downed pilot rescue.
- Counter-terrorism missions.
- Close Quarter Combat.
The training period of the Turkish Naval Special Forces, which lasts 49 weeks, is shorter than that of the OKK. It starts off with a 5-week-long Indoctrination period, followed by three consecutive training phases, and then Airborne Training and Special Ops Training.
Training and Duration:
BUD/S: Indoctrination Period - 5 weeks Phase I (Basic conditioning + Hell Week) - 9 weeks
Phase II (Diving) - 8 weeks
Phase III (Land Warfare) - 9 weeks
Post BUD/S:
Airborne Training - 3 weeks
Special Ops Technical Training - 2 weeks
Medical Training - 30 weeks
Platoon Training - 18 months
OKK/MAK, SAS or SAT, every Special Operations mission needs absolute secrecy and stealth. In consequence to these requirements, some peculiarities are expected in all special operations candidates: Total dedication to the motherland and extreme determination; No fear of darkness, altitude, underwater activity or loneliness at all; resistance and effective reaction capability in extreme situations (including torture); capacity and determination to accomplish the tasked mission at any cost; ability to make immediate and effective decisions; capacity to adapt to changing situations or environments.
There is another thread for Turkish Armed Forces in the forum already.
I can't remember where I got this, but you may find this interesting
The special forces within the Turkish Armed Forces are one of the finest among their counterparts throughout the world. Despite the fact that there are many other special operations commando units, such as the Mountain Commando Brigades, Gendarmerie Commandos and Marine Corps, within the Turkish Armed Forces, they do not fall under the definition/classification of modern day special forces.
The Turkish special forces units could be classified into the following:
1. SPECIAL FORCES COMMAND - GENERAL STAFF HEADQUARTERS (Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi - O.K.K.)
The manpower required for the Special Forces Command (OKK), which is publicly known as Red Berets, is acquired from the selected officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) of various units operating under the Land Forces Command. In other words, the Army officers and NCOs only are eligible to join this elite unit. This unit directly operates under the command of the General Staff Headquarters. The individuals forming this special unit are selected from their regular army troops on voluntary basis. Not all who volunteers are admitted though since there is a pass/fail written exam as well as physical tests to go through. Those who pass the exams become special forces candidates. Adequate linguistic skills in at least one foreign language is a plus for admission. The candidates then have to complete a challenging training period which lasts around 2.5 years. Many drop out during this intense training period. Training encompasses fitness, obstacle, Martial Arts, close quarters combat (CQC), biological/chemical/nuclear warfare, parachuting, diving, sniping, demolition, counter-terrorism, search and rescue, stealth seek and destroy, reconnaissance and survival. Learning foreign languages is a part of the training. During the training, candidates are pushed by their instructors to their limits, both physically and mentally. Training schedule includes all aspects of a modern day regular and psychological warfare. 100 kilometer terrain-walking with a 40 kg. load is just an example of what the candidates have to go through during training. Although the official size of the OKK stands at a Division level, this includes non-combatant units and behind-the-desk duties as well. The combatant size of the OKK is not greater than 500. The OKK may be considered as the Turkish counterpart of the US Green Berets.
Within the OKK, there is a more specialized unit with only 100 members. Although the name of the unit is Combat Search and Rescue (Muharebe Arama Kurtarma - M.A.K.), its duties focus more on unconventional warfare and military intelligence. No further information is available on MAK except for the fact that it is thought to be established and organized like its US counterpart Delta Force. It also differs from the OKK in that its members are selected not only from the Army, but also from the other two main forces, Navy and Air Force. It should not be difficult to conclude that the MAK members are the best of the best within the Turkish Armed Forces.
OKK and MAK perform a variety of duties such as:
- Surveillance on enemy structures, facilities, defense systems or strategically relevant buildings.
- Covert sabotage against enemy units and structures.
- Infiltration.
- Reconnaissance.
- Hostage/POW/downed pilot rescue.
- Counter-terrorism missions.
- Close Quarter Combat.
- Organization and training of friendly civilians against the enemy.
OKK and MAK both took part in the accomplishment of several missions. Capture of Abdullah Ocalan, the Chief of the terrorist PKK organization, in Kenya and of Semdin Sakik, PKK's second chief in charge were carried out by the OKK. The OKK gained vast amount of experience in search and destroy type missions, especially in rural areas and caves in South-East Turkey during its years long campaign against the PKK. The OKK has also been undertaking missions in Bosnia, Kosovo, Albania, Afghanistan and North Iraq. A few OKK teams were sent to Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom and trained the new recruits of the newly-established regular Afghan Army.
2. NAVAL SPECIAL FORCES
The Naval Special Forces of the Turkish Armed Forces are classified under two categories. Although these two categories, publicly known as SAS and SAT, are thought to be the same by many people, in fact they are not. They are two different units with completely different specialization areas and range of duties. The personnel of both units are selected only from the Navy officers and non-commissioned officers on voluntary basis.
A. UNDERWATER DEFENSE TEAMS (Su Alti Savunma - S.A.S.)
Underwater Defense Teams (SAS) are the counterparts of the US Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT). Their main tasks are:
- Deactivation or disposal of explosive material, mines and/or unidentified ordinance under the water off the friendly ports and coasts.
- Deactivation or disposal of explosive material, mines and/or unidentified ordinance under the water off the target coasts or ports. That includes clearing of the target beaches of mines, explosives, booby traps and tank traps, prior to the amphibious assault of the friendly forces.
- Deactivation or disposal of explosives and mines that might be present on the course of the friendly troops and/or VIP military personnel.
- Consultancy in defending the strategic facilities against stealth assaults by enemy commandos.
SAS units do not perform assault, counter-terrorism, recon or CQC missions. A real-time duty executed by the SAS has been the clearing of the Girne Beach, Cyprus, prior to the amphibious assault of the Turkish Armed Forces to the island in 1974.
Note: SAS stands for Su Alti Savunma in Turkish, which can be translated as Underwater Defense. It has no connection nor any resembelence to the British SAS.
B. UNDERWATER ASSAULT TEAMS (Su Alti Taaruz - S.A.T.)
Underwater Assault Teams (SAT) are the counterparts of the US Navy Seals. Their main tasks are:
- Surveillance on enemy structures, facilities, defense systems or strategically relevant buildings.
- Covert sabotage against naval units and/or enemy structures.
- Covert landing and infiltration.
- Reconnaissance on beaches being considered for amphibious landing operations.
- Determining secure landing paths.
- Underwater recon within 2.5 m deep water/beach corridors.
- Direct action during first wave of landing missions.
- Hostage/POW/downed pilot rescue.
- Counter-terrorism missions.
- Close Quarter Combat.
The training period of the Turkish Naval Special Forces, which lasts 49 weeks, is shorter than that of the OKK. It starts off with a 5-week-long Indoctrination period, followed by three consecutive training phases, and then Airborne Training and Special Ops Training.
Training and Duration:
BUD/S: Indoctrination Period - 5 weeks Phase I (Basic conditioning + Hell Week) - 9 weeks
Phase II (Diving) - 8 weeks
Phase III (Land Warfare) - 9 weeks
Post BUD/S:
Airborne Training - 3 weeks
Special Ops Technical Training - 2 weeks
Medical Training - 30 weeks
Platoon Training - 18 months
OKK/MAK, SAS or SAT, every Special Operations mission needs absolute secrecy and stealth. In consequence to these requirements, some peculiarities are expected in all special operations candidates: Total dedication to the motherland and extreme determination; No fear of darkness, altitude, underwater activity or loneliness at all; resistance and effective reaction capability in extreme situations (including torture); capacity and determination to accomplish the tasked mission at any cost; ability to make immediate and effective decisions; capacity to adapt to changing situations or environments.
- Thread Starter Thread Starter
- #7
Dear Futuretank. Thank you for your support. I do appreciate it. problem is that I am familiar with the site you mentioned and it's way too outdated. Realizing that was the reason to start my own research. The info on the SOCOM of the General staff although really interesting is already in my posession and interesting as it may look is not not giving any specific information and is not the thing I'm looking for. What I try to find is the following: I know there is a GS-SOCOM with a special unit of company size, which is the cherry of all the special forces in Turkey, there are also two brigades of Bordo Beriler or maroon berets (special forces, not Komando!) and an aviation unit for special operations support. I don't know whether those formations are called Tugayi (brigade) and I only assume they are based in the vicinities of Ankara. Please don't get my post as a personal insult. I once again would like to thank you for your help, it's just that I'm looking for something way more specific. Happy new year!
FutureTank
Banned Member
Not at all. I did ask if you loked online first and you didn't say you had that information already.
I don't use the solar calendar, but I appreciate the thought
Dear BoSOF,
Here is a brief summary of elite/special forces of Turkey. Hope it helps.
SAT: Su Alti Taarruz (Underwater Demolition): Equivalent of Navy SEAL's. Under command of Navy.
SAS: Su Alti Savunma (Underwater Defense): Skilled at EOD, underwater engineering etc. Under command of Navy.
JOAK: Jandarma Ozel Asayis Komutanligi (Gendarmerie Special Security Command): Special Operations division of Gendarmerine. Skilled at protection of high level strategic targets, hostage rescue operations etc. It's size is roughly equivalent to regiment level.
JOH: Jandarma Ozel Harekat (Gendarmerie Special Operations). Consists of selected volunteer conscripts. Almost all of them are engaged in SE Turkey for anti-terror operations.
OKK: Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi (Special Forces Command): Name says it all: It's under direct command of General Staff. They are commonly known as "Bordo Bereliler" (Red [Maroon] Berets). Recently their size has been increased up to corps level.
MAK: Muharebe Arama Kurtarma (Combat Search and Rescue): Under OKK structure, skilled in CSAR/SAR missions as well as deep penetration operations.
DAK: Dogal Afet Arama Kurtarma (Natural Disaster Search and Rescue): Under OKK structure, skilled in disaster relief and search and rescue operations. Their last operation was in Pakistan.
Komando (Commando): Commonly known as "Mavi Bereliler" (Blue Berets). They consist of conscripts. There are 5 independent commando brigades. Almost all of them are in the region covering SE Turkey and N Iraq.
Hava Indirme Komando (Airborne Commando): There is an independent airborne commando brigade stationed in Kayseri. Along with Amfibi Deniz Piyade, they were on the very front line during 1974 Cyprus Operation.
Amfibi Deniz Piyade (Amphibious Marine): Stationed in Izmir, Eski Foca, Turkish Navy has one marine brigade, which has been in a vast modernization and reorganization process with LPD, LST, fast-LCT and AAV projects are underway.
POH: Polis Ozel Harekat (Police Special Operations): Equivalent of SWAT.
All of the above units, even the marine brigade, have been heavily involved in the struggle against seperatist terrorist organization, PKK.
- Thread Starter Thread Starter
- #10
Dear orko_8. Thank you so much for the feeadback. Now the underwater units are Navy combat divers and I read a bit about them. The Jandarma is a service I know nothing about but I'd like to know more. The O.K.K. is a command under the General Staff of the Armed Forces, right? I've read it has two "formations" (and I would appreciate if you clarify are those brigades or not). I assume they're based in the vicinities of Ankara close to the airbases. Now what in God's name does corps level mean? I ahve read on several ocasions that the army has 9 (or 10) field corpses. How many are they really and where are theyr headquarters? Is the force in Cyprus a corps by itself or is it under a corps? Do you mean increased to a corps size and if so I thought that the O.K.K. operatives are roughly 500, isn't that too little for a corps? I also read about 5 Komando brigades. Now are those 5 brigades + an Airborne Komando brigade in Kayseri + amphibious naval brigade near Izmir or do those two count in the number 5? Are these brigades commanded by the headquarters of the field armies 1 through Ege or are they commanded by the corps headquarters? Could you please send some additional info to my e-mail:
[email protected]. I am reading many contradictional info as are there 14 or 17 mech. infantry brigades, how many are the infantry brigades, are the regional security brigades army or jandarma assets etc. How many corpses does the 1st army have? Are there 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 15th or just the first three and so on...
[email protected]. I am reading many contradictional info as are there 14 or 17 mech. infantry brigades, how many are the infantry brigades, are the regional security brigades army or jandarma assets etc. How many corpses does the 1st army have? Are there 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 15th or just the first three and so on...
AFAIK:
Jandarma is police, but outside towns and cities. Polis is police in cities and towns - as the name indicate in greek. From what I've seen of Jandarma: They are lightly - but well - armed.
About languages: The places I've visited - especially south of Iskenderun - there are quite many turks, that - to my untrained ear - speak a rather good arabic - then there is of course a lot speaking kurdish.
The turks may not speak english well; but that doesn't mean they are deficient in foreign languages.
Jandarma is police, but outside towns and cities. Polis is police in cities and towns - as the name indicate in greek. From what I've seen of Jandarma: They are lightly - but well - armed.
About languages: The places I've visited - especially south of Iskenderun - there are quite many turks, that - to my untrained ear - speak a rather good arabic - then there is of course a lot speaking kurdish.
The turks may not speak english well; but that doesn't mean they are deficient in foreign languages.
- Thread Starter Thread Starter
- #13
O.K. how on earth did we drive the conversation to language issues? Was it me talking about missunderstanding? If so I appologise. I never ment that, what I ment is that the things I've read do not confirm each other. I also met turks especially in Germany and I could also say that they spoke rather very good german and english, but that's not the issue here, is it?
Dear BuSOF,
First of all, organization, ranks and structure of Turkish Special Forces Command (OKK) is not conventional, which I believ is the case with almost all modern armies around the world. This means that, units, rank hierarchy and system is not identical to the ones in army.
Promotion to corps level simply means that OKK's personnel and equipment are increased in size. But we do not have any information regarding numbers, i.e "how many?"... We do not and most probably cannot know.
OKK HQ is in Golbasi, near Ankara. But that's all we know. OKK has no other permanent facility, base or whatsoever. They wear their colorful maroon berets only for exercises and PR shows.
For example an OKK major is not necessarily a counterpart to an army major in terms of years of service, tours of duty, decorations etc.
I advise you not to dig in too deep for the organization of OKK. All you will find is tonnes of contradicting info and some PR materiel, which are circulating around lots of forums.
As for the commando brigades: There are 5 independent commando brigades, one airborne, one marine brigade = 7 brigades.
1st Commando Brigade: Kayseri (4th Army, 4th Corps)
2nd Commando Brigade: Bolu (4th Army, 4th Corps)
3rd Commando Brigade: Hakkari (2nd Army, 7th Corps)
4th Commando Brigade: Tunceli (3rd Army, 8th Corps)
5th Commando Brigade: Ankara (4th Army, 4th Corps)
The above brigades are independent, but under organization they take place under respective corps and armies.
Add to the above 3 independent commando regiments:
2nd Commando Regiment: Mardin (2nd Army, 7th Corps)
5th Commando Regiment: Gokceada&Bozcaada (4th Army)
Cyprus Commando Regiment: Northern Cyprus (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Peace Forces, corps level)
Airborne Commando Brigade is stationed in Kayseri and under command of Air Force.
Amphibious Commando Brigade is stationed in Eski Foca and under command of Navy.
Turkish Jandarma (Gendarmerie) is similar to Italian Carabinieri. It is more or less a paramilitary force which does not possess heavy weapons and deployed in rural areas.
" The Gendarmerie of The Republic of Turkey, which is responsible for the maintenance of Safety and public order as well as carrying out other duties assigned by laws and regulation, is an armed security and law enforcement force, having military nature.
As a part of Turkish Armed Forces The General Command of The Gendarmerie is subordinated to The General Staff in matters relating to training and education in connection with the Armed Forces, and to the Ministry of Interior in matters relating to the performance of the safety and public order duties. However, The General Commander of Gendarmerie is responsible to Ministry of Interior."
To get things more confusing: Gendarmerie commando and aviation units are not under control of Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Some sources say that by means of training, structure and missions, Gendarmerie Commando Units are hardly equivalent of US Army Rangers.
http://www.jandarma.tsk.mil.tr/ing/ing.htm
There are 15 mechanizes infantry brigades, as far as I know.
As for the corps:
1st Army
3rd Corps: HQ Istanbul
5th Corps: HQ Tekirdag
2nd Corps: HQ Gelibolu
15th Corps: HQ Izmit
2nd Army
6th Corps: HQ Adana
7th Corps: HQ Diyarbakir
3rd Army
8th Corps: HQ Elazig
9th Corps: HQ Erzurum
4th Army
4th Corps: HQ Ankara
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Peace Corps: HQ Nicosia (Lefkosa in Turkish)
Cyprus Peace Force is an independent corps level unit.
That's all I could gather for the time being, will try to collect and organize more info.
Hope this topo will help.
Cheers,
FutureTank
Banned Member
4th (TU) Army
Within these were
1 (TU) Mech Div
9 Armoured (?) Brig
28 Mech Inf Brig
6 ID
2 Armd Brig
33 Mech Inf Brig
18 Armd Rgt
Just a question...in my old notes the 4th Army (aka The Aegean Army) also described in the Wikipedia as the army which "covers the entire west coast of the Anatolia peninsula and has its headquarters in Izmir. It was organised in the 1970s in response to political tensions with Greece.", and included the 7th and 15th Corps.
Within these were
1 (TU) Mech Div
9 Armoured (?) Brig
28 Mech Inf Brig
6 ID
2 Armd Brig
33 Mech Inf Brig
18 Armd Rgt
horse.gun.wife
New Member
THS
About languages: The places I've visited - especially south of Iskenderun - there are quite many turks, that - to my untrained ear - speak a rather good arabic - then there is of course a lot speaking kurdish.
The turks may not speak english well; but that doesn't mean they are deficient in foreign languages.[/QUOTE]
in this region, Hatay, nearly half of the population is arab, most of them carry on living as arabs.
About languages: The places I've visited - especially south of Iskenderun - there are quite many turks, that - to my untrained ear - speak a rather good arabic - then there is of course a lot speaking kurdish.
The turks may not speak english well; but that doesn't mean they are deficient in foreign languages.[/QUOTE]
in this region, Hatay, nearly half of the population is arab, most of them carry on living as arabs.
horse.gun.wife
New Member
antakya is a wonderfull city , not only because im from this particular town , because it has been an important city in the course of history.