ex-RAN Admiral Peter Briggs on AIP
SEA1000: the importance of dived endurance (part 2)
I think he argues for AIP to be included in Sea1000.
My 2 cents.. I think traditional AIP is on the way out as lithium ion AIP is on the way in, in a big way. Lithium offers heaps of potential benefits. It can adjust its output very easily, be recharged (and can be recharged quickly), huge discharge surge capability, holds its energy for long periods compared to traditional AIP, low maintenance, no moving parts. All very obvious stuff. But will rewrite snorting and impact on effective ConOps.
The Japanese already have a pretty extensive history with AIP and would have considered all available AIP systems (they would have licenced anything they wanted, they are obviously very familiar with fuel cells/reformers, toyota manufactures fuel cell powered cars with 120kw FC stacks). They are going with lithium and binning the previous AIP setup.I think that speaks pretty large amount. If the Japanese engineer to take advantage of the benefits of Lithium it could be a real game changer, they intend to use more than an after thought.
I think its something we should look at. But it would seem silly to force the Japanese to include it when they have deleted it from their own subs (which had AIP) and then when with a newer technology. I don't know but this sounds like German and French suggestions. If you had to force Japan, they would put forward the stirling engines, which we all know are inferior to German fuel cells, so the logical outcome is a big red cross for the Japanese, even if they have an overall superior solution.
The Japanese are a generation ahead in Li-on in subs (IMO).Kokuryū is in the water now. You have nearly a year of operational data from a real submarine in the water now. Thats first gen right there done and dusted in a 4000t sub operating in the SCS, not being talked about, or constructed or prototype or testing, but being replaced or improved on the design!.
IMO this is exactly where having operated subs of this size and this type of mission profile I would be looking very hard at the Japanese. By looking I mean not blinking.
As mentioned, in high demand applications lithium can be 3 times more effective than lead acid other times <1.2. So to get the most you want lithium where it can do the most good and for systems to be designed to take advantage of that, not just wedged into an existing setup to say its there. Its not just about energy density, its more complicated than that. (but energy density is certainly a German AIP strength, they aren't lying, but if you were ignorant you could easily assume the Germans have the clear technological edge with out delving deeper). The Japanese of course, say, well they say nothing. Anything that is said, is a massive understatement or contains so little information most westerners might disregard it completely.
Which is also a reason I reckon to not rush the Japanese. Do it properly. Collins is a hell of a boat now, and with life left, we don't have to jump immediately.
It reads (IMO) that Peter has been swayed by
Rex Patricks (well written) article and the Germans and the French, while the Japanese, as per normal, say absolutely nothing. It seems like a fair comment, consider AIP, and we probably should if purely from an academic point, maybe thats what hes saying. But I wouldn't tie it up with the selection of the boats. We care about the overall capability, not focused of the theoretical performance of one aspect which is quite possibly going to be made obsolete.
The reason the Japanese are saying nothing I would imagine is that many people seem to indicate what they have is mind blowing, and they don't want to talk publicly about anything they are doing in detail (or even broad brush strokes). On top of being a culture that isn't overtly talkative, and limited military sales experience, may seem like they have nothing to say which is not true.
The Germans are running a massive publicity program, playing the smart tight strategic game, pushing the numbers and their advantage in certain technologies, the French have already started making wild claims detached from reality with passion and flair, screw the cost and risk, 6 engines! Biggest! Nuclear secrets! Americas best friend, ever!. Both have sent political and media people to their yards overseas.
If nothing else this is giving the Japanese the first real taste of international military sales.
The Japanese proposal is more complicated than just replacing the AIP with lithium batteries. That is not what the Japanese are offering the RAN (but many expected them to, OTS, overseas build and all that). They are offering a bigger sub than what has AIP currently or than what Japan intends to operate themselves. That (IMO) is huge. Public domain doesn't reveal much more than that. They aren't offering just an OTS solution (but it is very low risk and based on a OTS solution). Japan is designing a unique and capable solution for Australia.
Which is the problem for the French and Germans. They really don't know what they are fighting against. But the Germans have quite a strong AIP fuel cell so no doubt they will hammer that to anyone who will listen, and no one will contest their AIP fuel cell capability.
Its reasons like this you need level heads in the PM and Defence positions that aren't going to make wild statements or interfere.