I'm happy to stand corrected as I don't have any first hand experience with the OHP FFGs, but I understand there is a compartment below the Phalanx that serves as the action station for the Greenie assigned to support the Phalanx. I am also aware that the PFG (FFG precursor design) and the original iterations of the FFG that evolved from it, had a twin 35mm in the location that now has the Phalanx, and that this mount was closer in size and weight to the Goalkeeper.I highly doubt that the Goalkeepers could be used in place of the Phalanx, or at least not without some fairly major modifications. The RAN's Phalanx CIWS are non-deck penetrating so they can be basically just plugged/unplugged and swapped between vessels, as long as the reinforced deck mounting/plate and connections are available. The 30 mm Goalkeeper is a much larger system which is deck penetrating so if a Chile were to attempt to fit it to the ex-RAN frigates, it would either have to be in place of the 76 mm gun, or a hole through a deck would need to be cut and underlying compartments and perhaps structure would need to be re-arranged to accommodate the Goalkeeper.
Like I said, I am happy to be corrected but there is possibly space and weight for the bigger system and some deck penetration