New Zealand Army

ngatimozart

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The NZ Army is to acquire new battle management software to the value of $11 million from the Danish firm Systemic.
Gerry Brownlee 8 NOVEMBER, 2016
New battle management software for the Army

The New Zealand Defence Force will soon have access to cutting-edge communication systems, providing a complete picture of the battlefield and allowing information to be shared quickly.

Defence Minister Gerry Brownlee says the government has approved the purchase of a battle management system, provided by Danish firm Systematic.

“The new system will enable NZDF to gain a complete picture of the situation on the ground and share information quickly,” Mr Brownlee says.

“The SitaWare Battle Management System and integration consultancy will cost $11 million over three years.

“The purchase is part of a programme to digitise the Army to provide modern command, communication, battle management and surveillance capabilities,” Mr Brownlee says.

“The SitaWare system will link headquarters, units, vehicles and individuals, allowing Army to get a full picture of the battlefield and share information quickly.

“It will also enable the Defence Force to operate seamlessly with partners when deployed in a coalition.”

Currently, the Army relies mostly on manual processes to receive and disseminate information.

“This system won’t change what the Army does, but it will provide advanced tools and techniques to support our soldiers, such as ‘blue force tracking’ and a common operating picture of troop movements,” Mr Brownlee says.

The SitaWare system has been trialled extensively by the Army for several years, and is supported by local company Eagle Technology Group.

The purchase is one of a number of projects worth more than $100 million, which will deliver modern communications to the Army units most often deployed by the government.

These projects form the first tranche of the broader Network Enabled Army programme, allowing the Army to take advantage of new technologies to enable better planning and decision making.
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-battle-management-software-army
 

Cadredave

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Just wondering if the govt is still trying to sell 35 LAVS or has this been quietly dropped?
Seems to have gone into hibernation at the moment I can only guess that they will tie it in with the NZLAV upgrade some how.
 

kiwipatriot69

Active Member
With Defence Watch reporting a purchase of Polaris Dagor all terrain vehicles for Canada's SF and information noting that Australia also uses the type is this a likely contender for acquisition for NZSAS and possibly the regular battalions? A common type amongst Allied forces makes sense.

Canadian special forces get new ultra light vehicles | Ottawa Citizen

Seeing our special forces already got something similar ordered from Australia, i doubt it. Asia Pacific Defence review covered it recently. We havent had the Lav3 that long for that matter, replacing them i think would be an incredible waste of an already tight budget. Hoping for a Lav 6.0 upgrade like you Canadians did. Converting the ones we hope to sell into other support variants too would be a better idea
 
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ngatimozart

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Seeing our special forces already got something similar ordered from Australia, i doubt it. Asia Pacific Defence review covered it recently. We havent had the Lav3 that long for that matter, replacing them i think would be an incredible waste of an already tight budget. Hoping for a Lav 6.0 upgrade like you Canadians did. Converting the ones we hope to sell into other support variants too would be a better idea
I've taken to drafting a running DWP submission document and this is what I have at moment.
NZLAV
The current NZLAV will either have to be replaced or have a Mid Life Upgrade (MLU) within the next 10 years. At present it is suggested that the better option would be to upgrade the NZLAV rather than replace it because it then gives NZDF the opportunity to assess the new Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFV) that the ADF and USMC are in the process of acquiring. By the time that the NZ Army replace the NZLAV those designs will be fully matured.

Therefore it is suggested that during the MLU the NZLAV should have as part of the MLU their turrets replaced / upgraded with 35mm dual feed auto cannon and fitted with a sighting system such as or with similar capabilities to the SAAB UTAAS Tank and Anti-Aircraft System - Universal Sight and Fire-Control System. This capability would give the NZLAV an AAA capability which at present is a sadly lacking commodity in the NZ Army armoury. The 35mm gun combined with this sighting system would be quite formidable against helicopters, low flying aircraft and RPAS. The reason why the 35mm calibre has been suggested is that it has greater range and hitting capability than the current 25mm, so has the reach and power to neutralise targets armed with 30mm guns or less.

Also during the MLU, the vehicle turrets should be fitted with the studs and electronic connections to enable the easy mounting and dismounting of vehicle box launchers for the FGM-148 Javelin Anti Tank Guided Missile and SHORAD missile such as Mistral or FIM-92 Stinger. The NZ Army already uses the Javelin as a man portable missile and Mistral as MANPAD (MAN Portable Air Defence). These two additions could be FFBNW on all the turrets with the weapons being mounted when required. These weapon systems would give the NZLAV a reasonably formidable capability for a relatively low cost.

Detachable add-on armour should also be acquired for the vehicles to enhance their battlefield survival.

RECOMMENDATION: that
• The 60 of the current NZLAV be given a Mid Life Upgrade.
• The turrets be replaced with turrets containing or upgraded with 35mm dual feed auto cannon and the UTAAS Tank and Anti-Aircraft System - Universal Sight and Fire-Control System or similar.
• The turrets are equipped with studs and electronic fittings for easy mounting and dismounting of vehicle box launchers for the FGM-148 Javelin Anti Tank Guided Missile and SHORAD missile such as Mistral or FIM-92 Stinger.
• Detachable add-on armour should also be acquired for the vehicles to enhance their battlefield survival.

Artillery
The NZ Army currently have 24 L119 105mm Light Howitzers as its main indirect fire weapon. Most of our allied armies are using the M777 155mm Towed Howitzer however in NZ’s case staying with the 105mm calibre may be the better option because it offers greater flexibility for a small Army. Towed artillery has the advantage of being able to provide sustained fire support over long periods of time compared to Mobile Gun Systems (MGS). The L119 105mm Light Howitzers are air transportable by helicopter as underslung loads and the NH-90 is able to lift the whole gun, its crew and its ammunition in one lift. Hence when the gun is landed at the firing point, the gun crew can quickly set it up, dig it in and open fire. It therefore has the capability to be heli-lifted to otherwise inaccessible firing positions.

The M777 155mm Towed Howitzer gives a heavier weight of shell and significantly larger shell splinter dispersal area. It has a slower sustained rate of fire than the L119 because of the heavier shell and lack of fixed ammunition. If the Army was to adopt the M777, it cannot be lifted in one piece by the NH-90 helicopter, so the gun has to be partially broken down and two or more lifts are required to move it, its crew and its ammunition. Once at the firing point the gun then has to be reassembled and dug in.

Mobile Gun System
Mobile guns are able to stop, shoot and scoot very quickly, literally within a minute or so and before counter-battery fire can impact upon their position. They are also easily able to keep pace with infantry forces and to support the infantry with direct or indirect fire. It is this ability that enables them to be employed across the full gamut of artillery roles from anti material / personnel to anti armour. In the NZ context a MGS battalion would not normally be expected to attack an armoured division on its own because that is not within its concept of operations (CONOPS). However a wheeled MGS based on the current NZLAV would provide a full range of fire support for the infantry.

The US Army has a LAV based 105mm MGS, the M1128 Stryker Mobile Gun System . This system uses a remote control automatic 105 mm gun with 18 rounds loaded into the vehicle magazine. However there have been difficulties encountered with vulnerabilities including protection for the gun pod, commanders’ weapon station and the 105mm ammunition, which led to degraded capacity and unreliability. The restriction imposed by the US Army upon the Stryker MGS was that it had to be air transportable in the C130 aircraft hence its weight, width and height were restricted by the C130 design parameters.

A 105mm gun turret such as the Cockerill CT-CV 105 HP which is specifically designed for medium or light armoured vehicles would be more practical and less risky than the US M1128. It is advertised as being easily integrated into existing vehicles. The turret itself is armoured and can have extra armour added on as required. From 2003 – 2006, General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS), who build the LAV, and Denel (of South Africa) integrated the Denel 105mm howitzer with the Stryker, for a US Army light Self Propelled Howitzer (SPH) program. This program only progressed as far as prototype stage and then was replaced by the M1128.

Mobile Heavy Mortar System
The 120mm mortar is an indirect fire weapon that is quite heavy and has the ability to rain plunging fire down upon an enemy position. It is either transported by trailer and then set up by its crew of five on the ground serving the weapon with minimal or no protection from return fire; or it is fitted to a vehicle and is mobile similar to a MGS with the crew of four serving the weapon from within the protection of the vehicle. BAE and GDLS have developed a 120mm mortar turret, the Armoured Mortar System II (AMS II) that is already in service on Saudi Arabian National Guard LAVs. The US Army field the M1129 Stryker 120mm Mortar Carrier which has the mortar firing through an open hatchway in the top of the Stryker to the rear of the vehicle commanders hatch. It is suggested that the 120mm mortar be vehicle mounted on a NZLAV and operated from within the safety of the LAV.

NZ no longer fields an armoured force consisting of heavy armoured combat vehicles, hence mobile direct and indirect firepower is a much needed capability for the NZ Army, especially as it is moving towards a more expeditionary capability. The two separate systems discussed have different capabilities and both the NZLAV based MGS and mobile 120mm mortar offer greater flexibility and the field commander another set of tools for the toolbox.

RECOMMENDATION: that
• That a further 40 of the current NZLAV be given a Mid Life Upgrade.
• That 24 of the vehicle turrets are replaced with a turret containing a 105mm gun / howitzer; creating three batteries of Mobile Gun Systems.
• That 16 of the vehicles be converted to 120mm mortar vehicles with the capacity to fire and reload the mortar from within the safety of the vehicle. This will create two batteries of 120mm vehicle mounted mortars.
• Detachable add-on armour should also be acquired for the vehicles to enhance their battlefield survival.

Air Defence Capabilities
Currently the NZ Army has no true air defence capabilities apart from Mistral MANPADS that have been stored and AAA in the form of the Browning 12.7mm HB HMG and the 25mm guns on the NZ LAV. The assumption appears to be that if air defence is required by the Army then coalition partners will provide that capability, however that assumption can never be taken for granted. In the modern warfighting environment air defence is a must have capability because of the wide variety of platforms available to a potential enemy.

Mobile SAM System
The RNZN have acquired the MBDA Sea Ceptor missile as their SHORAD capability. The Sea Ceptor is the naval variant of the Common Anti Air Modular Missile (CAMM) which is being introduced into service by the UK Army and RN. Land Ceptor is land variant of this missile and is replacing the Rapier with the British Army. It is a modular system with a 12 missile launcher on the deck of a MAN truck being easily reloaded and / or mounted / dismounted quickly. It has the advantage of being highly mobile and easily concealable and uses the Land Environment Air Picture (LEAAP) system which uses the Falcon trunk network, SAAB Giraffe radars and Link 11/16, making it a very hard target to locate and either suppress or destroy. The radar and the LEAAP system which is in the control station have their own vehicles enabling wide dispersal of the complete system improving its survival chances.

The SAAB Giraffe radar, which is already service with the British Army and the Australian Army, has the ability to be raised and lowered because it is mounted on a HIAB type hoist, enabling it to be raised to clear obstacles and increase the radar horizon. SAM missile launchers, radars and control centres are very high value targets and are always hunted ruthlessly, hence the requirement for three SAM batteries, four LEAAP mobile control centres and four Giraffe radars in order to cover for battle damage and losses.

RECOMMENDATION: that
• Vehicle mounted air defence systems, capable of being mounted and dismounted easily on MAN trucks are acquired for NZ Army air defence consisting of:
o Three batteries of Land Ceptor with these being vehicle mounted. One battery comprises of eight vehicle mounted missile launchers with a missile load of 12 missiles per launcher.
o Four vehicle mounted Land Environment Air Picture (LEAAP) control centres be acquired.
o Four SAAB Giraffe vehicle mounted radars be acquired.
o Detachable add-on armour should also be acquired for the vehicles to enhance their battlefield survival.
The cost works out to be around $400 - 600 million depending upon how expensive it is to upgrade the current power packs, drive trains, electronics etc. Cheaper than buying new vehicles because we would be looking at around $8 million a vehicle for new ones.
 

kiwipatriot69

Active Member
I've taken to drafting a running DWP submission document and this is what I have at moment.

The cost works out to be around $400 - 600 million depending upon how expensive it is to upgrade the current power packs, drive trains, electronics etc. Cheaper than buying new vehicles because we would be looking at around $8 million a vehicle for new ones.
Agreed. Given the extra weight the Lav upgrade would go up a few ton from what we currently have, which would mean a C130 J wouldnt be able to lift or fit one wouldnt it? Of course that wouldnt be the only consideration for the outsized loads any future airlifter will need to carry.
 

Novascotiaboy

Active Member
Ngati

I agree wholeheartedly with your suggestion regarding improvements to the Army systems. An up gunning to 35 mm with a high elevation literally kills two birds with one stone. As I have suggested before I think it would be a good decision to upgrade the navy CIWS as well with Millenium in place of Phalanx.

The support conversions are IMHO needed especially the 120 mm mortars carried by converted LAVs.

From a supply chain perspective is having the 105 mm Hamels a liability in a combined allied operation? Choosing to go 155 mm eliminates a separate ammo requirement. Maintain the 105's for training and territorial use but acquire a battery or two of M777 for deployments.

Is there that much of a threat in the AO for NZ forces to need so much SAM capability as you suggest? With high elevation dual feed 35 mm turrets on upgraded LAVs surely that would protect from armed helicopters. Fast jets are not typical in the AO.

The one gap I do see is the need for another layer of armour for off road operations. Namely the Warthog or similar articulated tracked amphibious protected vehicle. These along with some Hawkei and Bushmasters to round out the fleet.
 

ngatimozart

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Ngati

I agree wholeheartedly with your suggestion regarding improvements to the Army systems. An up gunning to 35 mm with a high elevation literally kills two birds with one stone. As I have suggested before I think it would be a good decision to upgrade the navy CIWS as well with Millenium in place of Phalanx.

The support conversions are IMHO needed especially the 120 mm mortars carried by converted LAVs.

From a supply chain perspective is having the 105 mm Hamels a liability in a combined allied operation? Choosing to go 155 mm eliminates a separate ammo requirement. Maintain the 105's for training and territorial use but acquire a battery or two of M777 for deployments.

Is there that much of a threat in the AO for NZ forces to need so much SAM capability as you suggest? With high elevation dual feed 35 mm turrets on upgraded LAVs surely that would protect from armed helicopters. Fast jets are not typical in the AO.

The one gap I do see is the need for another layer of armour for off road operations. Namely the Warthog or similar articulated tracked amphibious protected vehicle. These along with some Hawkei and Bushmasters to round out the fleet.
The idea is to provide mobile fire support for the army. We already have towed 105mm artillery. 105mm is still used by the US.

Our AO includes the sand pit, Asia and anywhere else our govt decide so we face potentially all levels of warfare. It's not about fighting the war we have now or the last one we fought, but also any future potential war and that includes an enemy with capable air power. You cannot blindly rely on friendly air power to keep the enemy out; to do so is the height of folly.

Yes, the gap is intentionally left because there is a RFI out at the moment about that. Also I haven't thought that through yet either. I'm avoiding tracked at the moment because of its expense and the fact that if a track gets knocked out its a major job to replace, where as a wheel can be replaced quickly and easily. With modern 8x8 and 10x10 wheeled vehicles, there are not many places these vehicles can't access that a tracked vehicle can.
 

Novascotiaboy

Active Member
Ngati

If mobile fire support is required for the Army and 105 is the preferred caliber to stay consistent with the towed pieces what about the truck mounted howitzers like this;

Sherpa Hawkeye 105 | Mack Defense

Or this

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hRaMiC6AjXo

Mobility plus direct and indirect fire.

Canada looked at the MGS and realized thankfully that it was junk. Still doesn't work right. Watched a pair of LAV's go by last week on a flat bed headed for export equipped with turreted large calibre guns. I have to assume they were for Saudi. According to the net these are equipped with a Cockerill CT-CV105 mm.

New Saudi LAVs to come with Cockerill turrets | IHS Jane's 360

A retro fit of these turrets to existing hulls would do the trick.
 

ngatimozart

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Staff member
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Ngati

If mobile fire support is required for the Army and 105 is the preferred caliber to stay consistent with the towed pieces what about the truck mounted howitzers like this;

Sherpa Hawkeye 105 | Mack Defense

Or this

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hRaMiC6AjXo

Mobility plus direct and indirect fire.

Canada looked at the MGS and realized thankfully that it was junk. Still doesn't work right. Watched a pair of LAV's go by last week on a flat bed headed for export equipped with turreted large calibre guns. I have to assume they were for Saudi. According to the net these are equipped with a Cockerill CT-CV105 mm.

New Saudi LAVs to come with Cockerill turrets | IHS Jane's 360

A retro fit of these turrets to existing hulls would do the trick.
I looked at truck mounted guns but they defeat the intended purpose. The idea is to protect the gun crews from gunfire and shell splinters and increase mobility. You can get 8x8s into places that you can't get trucks. Also you are not introducing another vehicle type into the mix.
 

Novascotiaboy

Active Member
In the case of the EVO 105 I am sure the system could be mounted on a MAN type with no problem.

The Cockerel turret is far superior to the US MGS remote system. 105 mm definitely provides direct fire capability to support ground forces and bunker busting. Did New Zealand retain their old M40 107 mm recoiless guns or were they disposed of when retired?

Low tech systems such as the RR have their place even today.
 

ngatimozart

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In the case of the EVO 105 I am sure the system could be mounted on a MAN type with no problem.
Most likely, but that is not the point. The point is a protected operating environment
The Cockerel turret is far superior to the US MGS remote system. 105 mm definitely provides direct fire capability to support ground forces and bunker busting. Did New Zealand retain their old M40 107 mm recoiless guns or were they disposed of when retired?

Low tech systems such as the RR have their place even today.
Yes the Cockerill system looks good and the reason why I prefer a turreted system because it keeps everyone inside the vehicle and just as importantly the important and sensitive working parts of the gun inside the vehicle. I don't know if they still have the Recoilless Rifle.
 

Cadredave

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
In the case of the EVO 105 I am sure the system could be mounted on a MAN type with no problem.

The Cockerel turret is far superior to the US MGS remote system. 105 mm definitely provides direct fire capability to support ground forces and bunker busting. Did New Zealand retain their old M40 107 mm recoiless guns or were they disposed of when retired?

Low tech systems such as the RR have their place even today.

Nova
M40 are long gone full of concrete & now gate guards all ammo was disposed of in the early 90's unfortunately Nova they do not have a place in modern warfare for the following reasons:

1. The back blast signature cannot be hidden and with todays modern day/night sites/systems that is a major flaw with the M40 106mm.

2. It is not man portable being heavy & unwieldy to manoeuvre and requires a 3 man crew plus a Landover type vehicle to transport.

3. The FGM-148 Javelin is far more effective in the M40 main role ie medium anti tank & if a anti personal role is required then the HK GMG & M2QCB are far superior in that role than the M40.

Being the last of my generation to train & fire the M40 Im am glad that the M40 has been relegated to history & gate guards as a Battalion Support weapon its day in the NZ Army has been and gone.

CD
 

Novascotiaboy

Active Member
Cadredave

My reason for bringing up the M40 was the accounts of its use by Australian forces in the ME. Had they still been in war reserve they could be utilized. I agree with your statements but is it not overkill to use a Javelin for bunker busting?

The realities of fighting irregular forces in remote locations shows the need for cheaper alternatives. The 84 mm Carl Gustav is an example of a useful tool on todays battlefield. In service with NZ and its allies. Does this not also pose a backblast issue as stated?
 

Cadredave

The Bunker Group
Verified Defense Pro
Cadredave

My reason for bringing up the M40 was the accounts of its use by Australian forces in the ME. Had they still been in war reserve they could be utilized. I agree with your statements but is it not overkill to use a Javelin for bunker busting?
It actually is not overkill to use Jav to destroy a bunker if that's all you have at that point of time then you use it a Platoon Commander will use all tools at his/her disposal that's how we fight.

The realities of fighting irregular forces in remote locations shows the need for cheaper alternatives. The 84 mm Carl Gustav is an example of a useful tool on todays battlefield. In service with NZ and its allies. Does this not also pose a backblast issue as stated?
The cheaper alternative Nova is the M3 CG that's why we use the M3 CG it is man portable lightweight & more importantly out ranges the RPG7, we also used Jav in the mountains as well as the sighting system is second to none, don't fall into the trap just because there are cheaper alternatives at face value they should be used. We give our soldiers the best tools & training to achieve the mission.

The M3CG BBDA signature is no where near or as big as the M40, to get the M40 into service requires the users [Corps of Infantry] to identify a need or gap in the current capability ie you are pitting the M40 directly against the FGM-148 now which system do you think RNZIR is going to side with its a no brainer, with todays ROE in force CLU for Jav gives dismounted Infantry a capability that the M40 does not and soon a new sight for the M3 will give us the ability to utilize that system even more.

As someone who is Infantry Support Weapons qualified & trained I fail to see any benefit the M40 would provide the Battalions or NZDF in a complex war fighting environment I actually see it as a liability.

Combat history - Wiki (not the best source to use but gets the point across)

During the War in Afghanistan, the Javelin was used effectively in counter-insurgency (COIN) operations. Initially, soldiers perceived the weapon as unsuitable for COIN operations due to its destructive power, but trained gunners were able to make precision shots against enemy positions with little collateral damage. The Javelin filled a niche in U.S. weapons systems against DShK heavy machine guns and B-10 recoilless rifles—weapons like the AT4 and M203 were powerful enough, but had insufficient range; conversely, while medium and heavy machine guns and automatic grenade launchers had the range, they lacked the power; and heavy mortars, which had both a good range and more than enough power, lacked precision. The Javelin, as well as the TOW, had enough range, power, and accuracy to counter standoff engagement tactics employed by enemy weapons. With good locks, the missile is most effective against vehicles, caves, fortified positions, and individual personnel; if enemies were inside a cave, a Javelin fired into the mouth of the cave would destroy it from the inside, which was not possible from the outside using heavy mortars. The psychological effect of the sound of a Javelin firing sometimes caused insurgents to disengage and flee their position. Even when not firing, the Javelin's CLU was commonly used as a man-portable surveillance system.

CD
 
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