Soviet officials offered Iran 72 MiG-29 Fulcrums, 24 MiG-31 Foxhounds, and 36 Su-24 Fencers shortly after the end of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-88). However, Iran, cash-strapped after eight debilitating years of war, could only afford 18 MiG-29s and 12 Su-24s. Tehran would also acquire S-200 air defense systems mere months before the Soviet Union finally collapsed in December 1991.
When Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani visited Moscow in 1989, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev gave him a
"blank check" for Soviet arms signed by the 12 members of the Soviet Politburo. "You write whatever armaments that you want and we shall provide it," Iran's last ambassador to the Soviet Union, Naser Nobari, later recalled the Soviets telling the visiting Iranian delegation. "As of today, this has been our country's most important and biggest armaments deal since the revolution," Nobari noted.
Several headlining-grabbing remarks from the Soviet delegation at the Paris Air Show in June 1991 also showed how desperate Moscow was to sell its military hardware.
Rostislav Belakov, head of the Mikoyan design bureau, announced Moscow's willingness to sell MiG-31s to any country aside from Iraq.
"There are no more political barriers to our sales," he declared. "If you have $40 million, we will sell you a MiG-31."
"Offering the MiG-31 – which can fly at three times the speed of sound and is believed to have a radar unmatched in any Western fighter – to anyone who can afford it hardly seems appropriate just at the moment," wrote Christoper Bellamy in the Independent that month. "But the Soviet Union's desperate need for hard currency makes it anxious to export some of its most advanced and unique products – military hardware."