NATO has a new ‘spearhead force’, known as the Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF), which the Alliance has started to test.
The VJTF is a brigade that will be able to deploy within 48 hours and will eventually include 5,000 troops. It is part of the NATO Response Forces (NRF), NATO’s high-readiness force comprising land, air, sea and Special Forces units capable of rapid deployment wherever needed.
Both the NRF and its new ‘spearhead force’ aim to strengthen the Alliance’s collective defence capability and ensure that NATO has the right forces in the right place at the right time. They are a key component of what has been called the “Readiness Action Plan” agreed by NATO leaders at the Wales Summit in September 2014.
The VJTF has now reached interim capability and has started to go through a series of exercises, trials and evaluations, which will run throughout 2015. The first of these took place in Germany, 4-5 March, involving the 1st German-Netherlands Corps. The 1st German-Netherlands Corps is the NATO Response Force’s (NRF) standby land headquarters during 2015, so it is also acting as the Interim VJTF. The Corps spokesperson, Lt Col Paul Kolken stated:
“Being used as NRF (…) helps us to remain sharp and to set the standard within NATO rather than following it.” He continued: “We pride ourselves specifically for being quickly deployable, for the attitude to try out new concepts and to interact in peacetime and before deployments with the civil partners that we most likely will work with when in a mission area.”
This is the third time that this headquarters is on NRF standby, so it is well-suited for its VJTF duties. German Lt Col Axel Schmettkamp is the Director of the Joint Operations Center of the 1st German-Netherlands Corps:
“All that comes on top of our training and exercise schedule,” explains Lt Col Schmettkamp. “Quite a burden, but the necessity to do so is visible daily when watching the evening news. Moreover, personally, I think it is pretty exciting to play such an important role in the service of security.”
Ready
The March exercise practiced alert procedures and rapid-deployment preparations. A C-17 aircraft landed at the civilian airport Münster Osnabrück, Germany. Then the vehicles and personnel of the Operational Liaison and Reconnaissance Team (OLRT) were packed and loaded onto the plane, which can carry six vehicles including trailers. This required a lot of precision work, but the Swedish and American loadmasters made sure all material was chained to the cargo floor for a safe flight.
The actual flight, however, did not take place. Not this time.
Steady
The second phase of the exercise established the Initial Command Element. Operating out of tents, its main task is to set up the communication and information systems to make sure the headquarters can effectively command and control the forces in the mission area.
“Our OLRT might deploy even within 48 hours after NATO has ordered this. They will establish first contacts with authorities and organizations in the mission area, find a location for the Initial Command Element and prepare for its arrival. A few days after that, the Initial Command Element will follow, build the corps headquarters, absorb the OLRT and start leading the operation,” explains Dutch Corporal Rick Klein.
Klein is responsible for building the headquarters and would therefore be among the first to be deployed. He has a great deal of experience to draw on, having served in the Royal Netherlands Army for 13 years, including two deployments to Afghanistan with his previous unit, the 43rd Mechanized Brigade from Havelte. He joined the headquarters of the 1st German-Netherlands Corps a year ago, as it prepared for the NRF rotation.
Go
“Before an exercise or deployment I am busy preparing the maps that are needed. As soon as we’re in the mission area, I take care of building the Initial Command Element. With my fork-lift, I put the flooring material, the tents and furniture as close to the building location as possible,” explains Corporal Rick Klein, adding that rapidly setting up over 20 tents is a great team-building activity Go!
In a real crisis-response situation, the third and final phase is to deploy the remaining personnel to reach full operational capability and effectively receive and command the NATO follow-on forces.
Klein is not fazed by the possibility of a real deployment: “I talk about possible implications with my girlfriend. She is very much aware what it means to be on NRF standby, but actually it’s nothing different from my previous job. Such is a soldier’s life.”
This first exercise will be followed by others in April and June:
“Due to the changed security situation at the borders of NATO’s eastern member states, NATO adapted quickly and tasked the NATO Response Force – or NRF – to execute an alert exercise in April as well as a deployment exercise in June,” says German Lt Col Axel Schmettkamp.
The VJTF should be fully operational as of 2016 and ready to respond wherever and whenever needed to any challenge that may arise on NATO’s periphery.
Background information
- The Readiness Action Plan (RAP) is NATO’s response to changes in the security environment, particularly on the eastern and southern periphery of its territory. It aims to ensure that the Alliance is ready to respond swiftly and firmly to any security challenges.
- The RAP is a series of measures agreed at the Wales Summit in 2014. Among them are the enhanced NATO Response Force (NRF) and the creation of the ‘spearhead force’ or Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF).
- The VJTF will comprise a multinational brigade (approximately 5,000 troops) with up to five battalions, supported by air, maritime and Special Forces units. Some troops will be ready to move within two to three days. NATO is working to stand up the new force in 2016.
- The development and testing of the VJTF concept is proceeding as planned. The land component of the current NRF is now acting as an Interim VJTF and forms the basis for VJTF development. The troops for NRF 2015 are provided by Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and other nations.
- A program of exercises, trials and evaluations will be conducted throughout 2015 to develop, refine and implement the VJTF concept.
