SSBN(X): Follow on Ohio replacement; News and info

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Ananda

The Bunker Group
See pages 15/16 in the doc (pgs 27/28 in the pdf) of the referred CBO report.

http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/115xx/doc11527/05-25-NavyShipbuilding.pdf
Right, I have see the report that you have put the link, thanks for that.
Based on the report, which I also see other analysys considering future procurements, seems one thing consistant that the inflationary factor on future procurement by the Government agency tends to be downsided. In sense the cost in the future will be quite significantly higher that current estimate.

The report stated 16-20 tubes, however for me see potential 16 will be closer to the reality. I don't know it's just economics perhaps will determine factor more.
 

F-15 Eagle

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Why do I got the feeling that 16 tubes will be number :)
With increasing nuclear missiles reducement, and potential increasing inter-services budget fight, in my oppinion the most probable way for SSBN(X) got 24 tubes, if the sumber of SSBN(X) reduced from 12 (not likely if Russian managed getting 8 Borei's), or US reduces significantly USAF land based ICBM.
I think 16 or 20 is likely but I don't know which it will be. My guess is 16 though but 20 would be nice but not really necessary.

As for land based ICBMs the US is keeping 420 out of 450 so no major reductions there so 24 missile tubes on SSBN(X) is very unlikely.
 

F-15 Eagle

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Another thing is that in order to cut cost the Defense Department would limit the replacement submarine's "size and speed."

But its classified on how big and how fast the new SSBN(X) will be.
 

gf0012-aust

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Another thing is that in order to cut cost the Defense Department would limit the replacement submarine's "size and speed."

But its classified on how big and how fast the new SSBN(X) will be.
Size and speed are not the issues to prune costs on these subs.

iif you look at all the current developments in sub design, incl Tango Bravo, speed and size are the least of the critical issues in future designs - esp when CEC and advances in dismounted weapons is taken into consideration.

at the last intergovernment UDT conference I attended in the US none of the debate on future designs was about speed and size - it was about the sensor and combat suites.
 

My2Cents

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Another thing is that in order to cut cost the Defense Department would limit the replacement submarine's "size and speed."

But its classified on how big and how fast the new SSBN(X) will be.
To minimize development costs they are probably going to want to use the same S8G reactor design as in the Ohio Class. I do not think that they would shift to one of the other naval reactor designs in production because the S8G design is optimized for low speed stealth operation.

What we might see instead are trade-offs between size and speed, instead of the usual demands to increase both.
 

weasel1962

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Re:

To minimize development costs they are probably going to want to use the same S8G reactor design as in the Ohio Class. I do not think that they would shift to one of the other naval reactor designs in production because the S8G design is optimized for low speed stealth operation.

What we might see instead are trade-offs between size and speed, instead of the usual demands to increase both.
Not necessarily. The S8G is 30 years old even as the core has been upgraded to the sea wolf class nuke reactor core. The S8G at 26.1MW is actually less powerful than the S9G (29.8MW) equipping the Virginias.

There is the option of going with a twin reactor S9G (like the nautilus) but the alternatives are a new reactor rated at 60-80MW or an uprated S9G. Can't see USN using the S8G.

https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/w...wer Engineering/Nuclear Marine Propulsion.pdf

Power output ie thrust-weight ratio will be the major determinant of speed. Just a question of affordability. The smaller, generally the cheaper.
 

My2Cents

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Not necessarily. The S8G is 30 years old even as the core has been upgraded to the sea wolf class nuke reactor core. The S8G at 26.1MW is actually less powerful than the S9G (29.8MW) equipping the Virginias.

There is the option of going with a twin reactor S9G (like the nautilus) but the alternatives are a new reactor rated at 60-80MW or an uprated S9G. Can't see USN using the S8G.
It is not about the maximum power output, it is about the noise. The S8G is designed to allow a greater output without the use of the cooling pumps to maximize stealth. The S9G is not.

And why should they feel a need to double the powerplant output?
 

gf0012-aust

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actually, power generation is one of the key factors in any sub. moreso with larger subs.

its less about speed than about other critical issues where power is an absolute requirement.

there is a reason why Collins and the Oyashios have larger power demands - its not just about range and shifting mass.
 

weasel1962

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Re:

It is not about the maximum power output, it is about the noise. The S8G is designed to allow a greater output without the use of the cooling pumps to maximize stealth. The S9G is not.

And why should they feel a need to double the powerplant output?
Cooling pumps are not the only noise makers and the Virginias are not exactly loud subs eg the pump jet propulsion and other noise reduction (and non-acoustic signature reduction) techniques. More importantly, there's a cost constraint which makes the S9G way way more efficient than the S8G as it doesn't need a mid-life refuel. The S8G needs to be refueled every 9 years and the process is not exactly like fueling up at the gas station. The S9G is intended to last the entire life span of the sub eg 33 years in the case of the Virginias.

If its that easy to detect a Virginia, the USN wouldn't exactly be building it.

And as for natural circulation, I'm not so sure the S9G doesn't use natural circulation. It is afterall a thermal reactor.
 

gf0012-aust

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Cooling pumps are not the only noise makers and the Virginias are not exactly loud subs eg the pump jet propulsion and other noise reduction (and non-acoustic signature reduction) techniques. More importantly, there's a cost constraint which makes the S9G way way more efficient than the S8G as it doesn't need a mid-life refuel. The S8G needs to be refueled every 9 years and the process is not exactly like fueling up at the gas station. The S9G is intended to last the entire life span of the sub eg 33 years in the case of the Virginias.

If its that easy to detect a Virginia, the USN wouldn't exactly be building it.

And as for natural circulation, I'm not so sure the S9G doesn't use natural circulation. It is afterall a thermal reactor.
The issue of cooling pump noise has become an urban myth of some magnitude. the reality is that its just not the case. Its the same kind of argument that gets thrown about that smaller subs are quieter and that nukes can't fight in the littorals. all 3 claims are favourites but in absolute terms - abject nonsense.

cooling pumps on boats like the early LA's is a defensible argument - its not on later boats of the class and subsequent types.

as for acoustic transmission, there is an oft quoted article about the detection levels of a seawolf pierside compared to an LA, ie that the Seawolf at 25knots is quieter than an LA pierside. This comment has been misquoted and abused over time, but, I was at the actual UDT Conference in Hawai'i when the Virginia Program Manager made the claims. He made it in reference to the Virginias having a level of acoustic transmission comparable to the Seawolf class , and in some areas they are superior.

There needs to be some pause in giving currency to the continuing urban myths about how quiet nukes are when compared to some diesels as some are clearly incorrect.

eg boats like USS Parche regularly entered Soviet 12m limits, enetered into Soviet harbours where seabed arrays were laid down and regularly completed missions where she has the highest number of awards allocated to any vessel in in USN history. The technology and techniques used by Parche ended up on boats of the 688I. Seawolf and Virginia class.
 
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My2Cents

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Cooling pumps are not the only noise makers and the Virginias are not exactly loud subs eg the pump jet propulsion and other noise reduction (and non-acoustic signature reduction) techniques. More importantly, there's a cost constraint which makes the S9G way way more efficient than the S8G as it doesn't need a mid-life refuel. The S8G needs to be refueled every 9 years and the process is not exactly like fueling up at the gas station. The S9G is intended to last the entire life span of the sub eg 33 years in the case of the Virginias.
The jet pump and the other noise reduction (and non-acoustic signature reduction) techniques can be incorporated into the new design, if desirable. I am no expert, but I suspect that the jet pump reduces the acoustic signature from the sides, but increases it in the rear. And at low speeds and depth, which SSBN spend most of their time operate at to reduce the noise signature from engine, prop, and hull, the pulse jet may not offer any significant advantage.

If its that easy to detect a Virginia, the USN wouldn't exactly be building it.
All designs are compromises. If the missions are different, the requirements will be different, and the resulting mix of compromises will be different. The Virginias are like fighter jets, the Ohio’s are B-2s. The Virginia class has often be compared to the Los Angeles class for noise signature, but I have never heard it compared to the Ohio class.

And as for natural circulation, I'm not so sure the S9G doesn't use natural circulation. It is afterall a thermal reactor.
Both designs can (probably) use natural circulation at low outputs, and both require the use of the circulation pumps at higher outputs. The difference is that the S8G can generate more power without using the circulation pumps because it is optimized for that. The S9G is optimized for compactness and a 33 year fuel capacity.
 

F-15 Eagle

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I just want to know what the SSBN(X) design will look like, too bad is still classified. :(
 

weasel1962

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Re:

The issue of cooling pump noise has become an urban myth of some magnitude. the reality is that its just not the case. Its the same kind of argument that gets thrown about that smaller subs are quieter and that nukes can't fight in the littorals. all 3 claims are favourites but in absolute terms - abject nonsense.

cooling pumps on boats like the early LA's is a defensible argument - its not on later boats of the class and subsequent types.
Its a reactor design issue. My understanding of standard nuke reactor designs is that early gen reactors designed the reactors and cooling pipes separately. Hence the pipes required were quite large. The later gen designs integrated the cooling mechanism into the reactor design allowing for compact piping. It still uses cooling pipes but the circulation flows and compactness of design can also allow for greater use of natural circulation techniques. I would presume this would similarly apply for sub reactors.

Hence I would say there's still cooling pipes on the Virginias (as there are on the ohios) just that it doesn't create as much noise as early gen designs. That probably explains why the Virginias are known to generate as much noise at 30 knots as the LAs do at 5 knots.
I wouldn't be surprised to see public references to the more compact design of the cooling system on the Virginias but too lazy to search. Will post such references if I happen to come across it.

There are other mature tech advances that will probably be incorporated to the SSBNs eg Kollmorgen non-penetrating periscopes (photonic masts) etc that contributes to submarine stealth.
 

gf0012-aust

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There are other mature tech advances that will probably be incorporated to the SSBNs eg Kollmorgen non-penetrating periscopes (photonic masts) etc that contributes to submarine stealth.

They're already here. the photonic periscopes mean that we can redesign the sub completely.. ie the need for a sail in the first third of the hull becomes a less critical issue on periscope placement

I witnessed photonic periscopes at work in dismounted packages 5 years ago, they're already fitted to some nukes at the manned level.
 

gf0012-aust

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Its a reactor design issue. My understanding of standard nuke reactor designs is that early gen reactors designed the reactors and cooling pipes separately. Hence the pipes required were quite large. The later gen designs integrated the cooling mechanism into the reactor design allowing for compact piping. It still uses cooling pipes but the circulation flows and compactness of design can also allow for greater use of natural circulation techniques. I would presume this would similarly apply for sub reactors.

Hence I would say there's still cooling pipes on the Virginias (as there are on the ohios) just that it doesn't create as much noise as early gen designs. That probably explains why the Virginias are known to generate as much noise at 30 knots as the LAs do at 5 knots.
I wouldn't be surprised to see public references to the more compact design of the cooling system on the Virginias but too lazy to search. Will post such references if I happen to come across it.
Just to add, the issue of cooling is also in relation to the combat system fitout - not just propulsion

some of the cooling issues are now being dealt with in terms of material science developments, so "liquid" cooling is less critical. liquid cooling = weight. a peltier for example can achieve much more with less weight - and can be "dialled"
 

My2Cents

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Its a reactor design issue. My understanding of standard nuke reactor designs is that early gen reactors designed the reactors and cooling pipes separately. Hence the pipes required were quite large. The later gen designs integrated the cooling mechanism into the reactor design allowing for compact piping. It still uses cooling pipes but the circulation flows and compactness of design can also allow for greater use of natural circulation techniques. I would presume this would similarly apply for sub reactors.

Hence I would say there's still cooling pipes on the Virginias (as there are on the ohios) just that it doesn't create as much noise as early gen designs. That probably explains why the Virginias are known to generate as much noise at 30 knots as the LAs do at 5 knots.
I wouldn't be surprised to see public references to the more compact design of the cooling system on the Virginias but too lazy to search. Will post such references if I happen to come across it.

There are other mature tech advances that will probably be incorporated to the SSBNs eg Kollmorgen non-penetrating periscopes (photonic masts) etc that contributes to submarine stealth.
Pardon me, but, as an engineer with some nuclear background, these statements do not make sense. If anything the original piping designs (including pumps) selected using standard design principles of the time proved to be a major noise source, and the subsequent designs used LARGER pipes to reduce it.

There are also 3 different piping systems in the powerplant. 1st there is the reactor loop that transfers the heat from the reactor core to the (2nd) steam loop via a heat exchanger. The second loop uses the heat from the first loop to generate saturated steam which drives the turbine to propel the submarine. Waste heat from the 2nd loop is expelled to the 3rd via another heat exchanger, called the condenser (because it condensing any remaining steam into water). The 3rd loop is the cooling loop where the heat from the condenser is transferred to sea water and discharged. Each loop has its own pipes and pumps.

Thank you for this reference you provided. https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/w...wer Engineering/Nuclear Marine Propulsion.pdf see pages 8 and 9. The S5G prototype and S8G production design have a significantly different engineering compartment layout in order to achieve natural convention flow at reduced power levels.

Lastly, we are discussing a replacement for the Ohio class SSBN, which the S8W was designed for, not the Los Angeles SSN [S6G], Sea Wolf SSN [S6W], or Virginia class SSN [S9G]. Comparison between the Los Angeles class and Virginia class noise levels at 25 knots give little indications about their comparison to the noise level of an Ohio at 12 knots.
 

weasel1962

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Re:

Pardon me, but, as an engineer with some nuclear background, these statements do not make sense. If anything the original piping designs (including pumps) selected using standard design principles of the time proved to be a major noise source, and the subsequent designs used LARGER pipes to reduce it.
That is not correct. What the intent is to achieve is to reduce friction flows to enhance natural circulation. The longer the pipes, the greater the friction. Its not a question of using larger pipes but less pipes.

There are also 3 different piping systems in the powerplant. 1st there is the reactor loop that transfers the heat from the reactor core to the (2nd) steam loop via a heat exchanger. The second loop uses the heat from the first loop to generate saturated steam which drives the turbine to propel the submarine. Waste heat from the 2nd loop is expelled to the 3rd via another heat exchanger, called the condenser (because it condensing any remaining steam into water). The 3rd loop is the cooling loop where the heat from the condenser is transferred to sea water and discharged. Each loop has its own pipes and pumps.
If I'm not wrong, a PWR has an added loop compared to a BWR. Each type of reactors works differently. There is such a thing as loop arrangement.

Thank you for this reference you provided. https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/mragheb/w...wer Engineering/Nuclear Marine Propulsion.pdf see pages 8 and 9. The S5G prototype and S8G production design have a significantly different engineering compartment layout in order to achieve natural convention flow at reduced power levels.
That is what's written. However, the assumption is that the S9G does not actually use natural circulation technology. Actually in commercial power generation, most if not all gen III nuclear reactors all use natural circulation as a key feature of the reactor.

Lastly, we are discussing a replacement for the Ohio class SSBN, which the S8W was designed for, not the Los Angeles SSN [S6G], Sea Wolf SSN [S6W], or Virginia class SSN [S9G]. Comparison between the Los Angeles class and Virginia class noise levels at 25 knots give little indications about their comparison to the noise level of an Ohio at 12 knots.
Yup, and the argument why the S9G can't be used has not been argued. The LA class S6G uses a surface ship D2W nuclear reactor core.

The S8G suffers from a refuel requirement which increases added cost. The land based version's core got replaced with the sea wolf's S6W core. Its also a 30 year old reactor.

Reactors like engines need to fit the ship. Instead of arguing for the sake of arguing, I merely wish to address your original contention is that the S8W reactor could be used to reduce development cost. This is still not tenable in view of the refuel requirement. In fact, I have suggested that the S9G reactor would have formed a better argument on the same basis.

The argument that it is a reactor used for a SSBN or a SSN is irrelevant. Its like arguing an aircraft engine should never be put into a tank. The relevant issue is whether the S9G reactor can be used for a boomer. Still haven't read anything that says it can't.

As to the sound requirement, the minute you can highlight what is the noise level of a virginia, I'd gladly indicate whether that is sufficient for a boomer. If you can't, then the arguments about noise level of the S9G is again specious and just merely arguing for the sake of argument ie non-factual.
 

Corsair96

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Wouldnt we want something fast and small? Why risk the chance of piling all your big SLBMs on one sub when you can have 3 or 4 cheap ones? It would also open up our strategic options and we could have them stationed along the intire GI-UK defence line for a quick response?

Im a newbie so I'm probably crazy
 
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