Should the japanese navy build carriers?

Belesari

New Member
Should the japanese Navy if there constitution gets amended construct supercarriers similar to the Nimitz type or the New Ford class we US opperate?

And if they did would it be a good idea for them to go in on a new carrier class with us sense we already operate many similar naval vessels?
 

StevoJH

The Bunker Group
Should the japanese Navy if there constitution gets amended construct supercarriers similar to the Nimitz type or the New Ford class we US opperate?

And if they did would it be a good idea for them to go in on a new carrier class with us sense we already operate many similar naval vessels?
1) The Japanese constitution does not forbid the construction of aircraft carriers (as Swerve seems to constantly remind people :soldier)

2) Whether or not a large aircraft carrier would be suitable for Japan depends on where and how the Japanese Government plans on ultilising its Navy (JMSDF). In the current situation, not it would not make sense for them to operate a large expeditionary force orientated platform.

3) Not all of us are from the United States, rather then refering to "us", which could mean anything if your profile didn't state your location, maybe you could state "or the new Ford class aircraft carriers that the United States is constructing"
 

Juramentado

New Member
Should the japanese Navy if there constitution gets amended construct supercarriers similar to the Nimitz type or the New Ford class we US opperate?

And if they did would it be a good idea for them to go in on a new carrier class with us sense we already operate many similar naval vessels?
The alliance between the US and the Japanese precludes them from having to field a CTOL or even VTOL carrier. That can change, of course. However, the Japanese are also building a USD 40m base in the Horn of Africa (Dijbouti), to supplement their task forces in combating piracy. This is the first permanent foreign outpost they have built since WW2, and is a quiet but pointed reminder that shipping is Japan's lifeline to the rest of the world.

With that in mind, Japan is better served by continuing to build Hyuga DDHs and it's follow-on. Assuming they acquire and field VTOL MRAs, this would be the resurgence of the Sea Control Ships of the 1970s and are ideal platforms to patrol the Gulf of Aden and the Somali Basin.
 
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swerve

Super Moderator
Should the japanese Navy if there constitution gets amended
If you accept the official Japanese interpretation of the clause in their constitution renouncing war & the means to wage it, which is that it applies to offensive warfare, but not self-defence (the justification for every ship, tank, aircraft & gun owned by the JSDF), then a carrier is permitted, as long as it is for self-defence. Note that the official policy (see below) mentions "offensive aircraft carriers". Somehow, I doubt that the word 'offensive' got in there by accident.

I. Constitution of Japan and Right of Self-Defense

[edited after I noticed Stevo's comment. ;) ]
 

T.C.P

Well-Known Member
With heightening tensions between Japan and Russia over the Kuril islands especially since Russia is holding the VOSTOK-2010 over there, Japan could use a carrier to project air power over there if( note big if) needed. And since Japan claims that the Kuril islands are still theirs, it would mean self defense if carriers were used over there.
 

winnyfield

New Member
The Japanese have a quite a sizeable 'unsinkable carrier' fleet that is more than enough eg. Iwo Jima, the Okinawa island chain.

The US needs carriers in the region due to a lack of sovereign bases.
 

STURM

Well-Known Member
I think the question of whether Japan should have carriers is a question that should be asked in the next decade or at least in the next few years. It really depends on several factors - whether China gets more assertive and decides to venture out a bit more from its backyard, whether the US will mantain the present level of military presence in the Asia Pacific, the 2 Koreas [apart from the N. Korean nuclear issue to worry about, Japan is in dispute with S. Korea over an island], the rise of India and the possibility that the Straits of Melaka, on which the Japanese economy is heavily dependent on, should come under threat. In addition to worrying about the sea lanes in Straits of Melaka being disrupted in event of a conflict the Japanese are also very worried about the threat of piracy there and have funded RDF equipment, thermal imagers and a training vessel for the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency. Given the present situation and the level of US comittment to the region, there is in my opinion no need for a JMSDF carrier.

In one of his articles, Robert Fisk mentioned a discussion he had in Australia, where Australian generals were debating the need to increase the size of the Austalian army in the future to cope with any future US military reductions in the Asia Pacific should things in Iraq and Afghanistan go bad.
 
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T.C.P

Well-Known Member
I think the question of whether Japan should have carriers is a question that should be asked in the next decade or at least in the next few years. It really depends on several factors - whether China gets more assertive and decides to venture out a bit more from its backyard, whether the US will mantain the present level of military presence in the Asia Pacific, the 2 Koreas [apart from the N. Korean nuclear issue to worry about, Japan is in dispute with S. Korea over an island], the rise of India and the possibility that the Straits of Melaka, on which the Japanese economy is heavily dependent on, should come under threat. In addition to worrying about the sea lanes in Straits of Melaka being disrupted in event of a conflict the Japanese are also very worried about the threat of piracy there and have funded RDF equipment, thermal imagers and a training vessel for the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency. Given the present situation and the level of US comittment to the region, there is in my opinion no need for a JMSDF carrier.

In one of his articles, Robert Fisk mentioned a discussion he had in Australia, where Australian generals were debating the need to increase the size of the Austalian army in the future to cope with any future US military reductions in the Asia Pacific should things in Iraq and Afghanistan go bad.
You are correct in assuming that as long as U.S maintains a strong presence in the region Japan doesn't need a carrier. But I seriously doubt Japan has to worry about south Korea, they are pretty friendly and hold a lot of joint exercises together. And as for Japan and India, Japan considers India as a counter weight to China. In the last ten years both countries have achieved milestones in their relations. They both understand that cooperation between the two is a must if they want to face China in a more equal footing.
 

weasel1962

New Member
Re:

If you accept the official Japanese interpretation of the clause in their constitution renouncing war & the means to wage it, which is that it applies to offensive warfare, but not self-defence (the justification for every ship, tank, aircraft & gun owned by the JSDF), then a carrier is permitted, as long as it is for self-defence. Note that the official policy (see below) mentions "offensive aircraft carriers". Somehow, I doubt that the word 'offensive' got in there by accident.

I. Constitution of Japan and Right of Self-Defense

[edited after I noticed Stevo's comment. ;) ]
The Japanese interpretation is more nuanced than that. The Hatoyama interpretation specifically restricts Japan from having forces beyond self-defense needs.

Article 9 clause 1 also bars the "threat" of war potential. Does anyone here really swallow the argument that aircraft carriers in the JMSDF (fka IJN) does not constitute a threat and is purely for self defence?

If it did not restrict aircraft carriers, why does the Japanese govt persist with naming theirs DDHs? No koku bokans allowed.

It is precisely that the Japanese know that it breaches the spirit of article 9 (and also the efforts at changing the constitution) that validates article 9 restrictions.

Its not the first time Japan has done the naming trick. Akagi and Kaga were previously classified as Tokubetse Ilomokan prior to pearl harbour. Nothing new.

Strict interpretation of article 9 prevents Japan from having carriers. Japan's carriers were the symbol of Imperial Japan's military and that would have been the most apt example of article 9 coverage. If the victors of pearl harbour are not the war tools of belligerents, nothing else will ever fall within.

The reality is that "senryoku" and article 9 interpretation has been stretched past its original limits and Japan is already re-militarised. The size of the Japanese military is already far beyond self defense needs and article 9 no longer acts as a de-facto barrier to war potential, just useless de-jure.

The last vestiges of article 9 specifically deal with intent. Article 9 is now interpretated that as long as Japan has no intention of waging war, its rights to maintain an unlimited (ie what the Japanese think is limited) war force is ok. With bush's pre-emptive doctrine, anything even offensive ops can now fall within self-defense.

Once that last illusion of article 9 intent is broken, I don't think their potential enemies will launch a constitutional challenge though.... Let's be frank. As long as the potential enemy does not include the US, there will be tacit approvals, nods and obligatory closed eyes to the breach of article 9.
 
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swerve

Super Moderator
The Japanese have a quite a sizeable 'unsinkable carrier' fleet that is more than enough eg. Iwo Jima, the Okinawa island chain.

The US needs carriers in the region due to a lack of sovereign bases.
They aren't much use for protecting merchant shipping.
 

swerve

Super Moderator
The Japanese interpretation is more nuanced than that. The Hatoyama interpretation specifically restricts Japan from having forces beyond self-defense needs.

Article 9 clause 1 also bars the "threat" of war potential. .
No, it bans the "threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes". Not quite the same. If you interpret this (as they do) in view of the next paragraph, where it says '"The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.", then you arrive at the official view, which is that anything is acceptable as long as it is justifiable for defensive purposes.

What is arguable is what is needed for self-defence. Obviously, that depends on circumstances, as the policy explicitly recognises -

The self-defense capability to be possessed and maintained by Japan under the Constitution is limited to the minimum necessary for self-defense.

The specific limit has a relative aspect of varying with the international situation, the level of military technology and various other conditions. It is defined in the Diet, the representative of the people through deliberations about each fiscal year budget etc. However, whether or not the said armed strength corresponds to "war potential" prohibited under paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the Constitution is an issue regarding the total strength that Japan possesses and maintains. Accordingly, whether or not the SDF are allowed to possess some specific armaments is decided by whether the total strength will or will not exceed the constitutional limit by possessing such armaments.
The last vestiges of article 9 specifically deal with intent. Article 9 is now interpretated that as long as Japan has no intention of waging war, its rights to maintain an unlimited (ie what the Japanese think is limited) war force is ok.
Well, yes.
 

weasel1962

New Member
Re:

No, it bans the "threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes". Not quite the same. If you interpret this (as they do) in view of the next paragraph, where it says '"The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.", then you arrive at the official view, which is that anything is acceptable as long as it is justifiable for defensive purposes.
Article 9(2)
"In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized."

One can't divorce war potential from threat. It bans war potential if the aim is to avoid threat.

Again, one can't exactly argue that aircraft carriers aren't threatening, can we...unless we happen to be the USN in which case, it would take many, many JMSDF carriers before it becomes a threat.

I doubt if China would see it in the same light...
 

swerve

Super Moderator
Article 9(2)
"In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized."

One can't divorce war potential from threat. It bans war potential if the aim is to avoid threat.

Again, one can't exactly argue that aircraft carriers aren't threatening, can we...unless we happen to be the USN in which case, it would take many, many JMSDF carriers before it becomes a threat.

I doubt if China would see it in the same light...
Wrong use of 'threat'.

An analogy: I have a small axe. The law prohibits me from threatening any person with violence. If I went out into the street with my axe & told someone to get out of my way or I'd use it on him, I would be threatening him, & likely to be prosecuted. But as long as it stays in my shed, & I get it out only for splitting kindling or other legitimate uses, my possession of it is not threatening, & is therefore perfectly legal.

Same here. Japan binds itself not to threaten the use of force.

Words must be read in context, & in this case the context clearly establishes the meaning.
 

Juramentado

New Member
Article 9(2)
Again, one can't exactly argue that aircraft carriers aren't threatening, can we...unless we happen to be the USN in which case, it would take many, many JMSDF carriers before it becomes a threat.
One thing to remember - it will take Japan more than a couple of years to regain the knowledge of carrier aviation. All of their institutional memory passed on when WW2 ended, not that there were many veteran aviators left at that point. It's hard to build a working fixed wing deck cadre. The Chinese understand this, which is why they're working so hard to train their pilots in conjunction with the carrier re-build. While there is understandable historical discomfort at the thought of a resurgent Japanese carrier force, there are still many obstacles to overcome from an organizational perspective.
 

StevoJH

The Bunker Group
One thing to remember - it will take Japan more than a couple of years to regain the knowledge of carrier aviation. All of their institutional memory passed on when WW2 ended, not that there were many veteran aviators left at that point. It's hard to build a working fixed wing deck cadre. The Chinese understand this, which is why they're working so hard to train their pilots in conjunction with the carrier re-build. While there is understandable historical discomfort at the thought of a resurgent Japanese carrier force, there are still many obstacles to overcome from an organizational perspective.
I disagree. building up the knowledge is easy when you have a big friendly ally who is willing to let you attach Sailors and pilots to their training programs, and probably event secondment onto active carriers. For example the first batch of RAAF pilots for the Super Hornets went through the full USN conversion training, including carrier qualifications. The RN is also sending 12 pilots over to the US for F-18 conversion training in preparation for the arrival of the F-35B.
 

Juramentado

New Member
I disagree. building up the knowledge is easy when you have a big friendly ally who is willing to let you attach Sailors and pilots to their training programs, and probably event secondment onto active carriers. For example the first batch of RAAF pilots for the Super Hornets went through the full USN conversion training, including carrier qualifications. The RN is also sending 12 pilots over to the US for F-18 conversion training in preparation for the arrival of the F-35B.
Steve - I respectfully disagree - that's not the same thing as having a mature and capable carrier aviation corps. You're making reference to Type Conversions - switching from one aircraft to another. Now It's one thing to be trained to fly a different a/c, it's another to conduct full-up flight operations - day/night, multiple traps, IFR, bad weather, prolonged low fuel-state recoveries, hot spin-ups - using your own ship and equipment. It would flatten the curve a bit if the learning side was operating the exact same carrier but not by much. I actually oversimplified the problem by referring to the pilots and NFOs only - it takes much more than that to have an effective carrier force. The black shoes have to learn to navigate and run something that big, the flight deck crews have to be trained and develop their own handling procedures, engineering crews have to learn to maintain the support equipment and main propulsion, logistics needs to learn how to flow spares and consumables without getting in the way of combat ops, the list is endless. It helps if you have a developed naval force used to mid-size combatants - many of the skills are transferrable and can scale up.

The stark reality is that the aviators themselves are the ones most in need of seasoning. It's one thing to do touch-and-goes on a FCLP during VFR CAVU, it's another to be in Sea State 3, the deck's pitching up and down like a bronco ride at a Country and Western bar, you're 3000 lbs above Bingo and have vertigo. The nearest airfield is 450 miles out and the weather is closing to below minimums. Do you try for another trap aboard or do you bug out now for the shore field? This is the kind of institutional experience aviators cannot accumulate or learn from in a single exchange or conversion tour. The only way that's happening is you have a carrier and you have a healthy tempo of flight operations - by yourself. The skills are so perishable that at times, it feels to the crews that it's almost torture, but it has to be done and done right, otherwise people get hurt and the missions don't get flown. As a price, there will be training casualties, but this is true of any hazardous occupation.

Yes, you'll learn how to do it right, preferably from allies who have more experience than you, but there is no substitute for the real thing - and doing it over and over again, learning from your mistakes, documenting what works and what doesn't. The NATOPS bible wasn't written in a day - it's the accumulation of millions of flying hours and the collective knowledge of aviators going all the way back to Eugene Ely. Eventually you will have a cadre of sailors and airmen who can pass those lessons on to the upcoming ranks of replacements. Somewhere along the way, you'll also get into a shooting situation where you have to prove to the taxpayers you can do what you say you can - launch, interdict, strike, establish air superiority, then get back aboard safely to do it again. Only then can you say your carrier program is fully mature. That's not a process of "a few years." That's decades of experience and learning.
 
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swerve

Super Moderator
One thing to remember - it will take Japan more than a couple of years to regain the knowledge of carrier aviation. All of their institutional memory passed on when WW2 ended, not that there were many veteran aviators left at that point. ...
Indeed. cf the fate of Mrs Swerves oldest uncle, died young, many years before she was born, & commemorated at Yasukuni. One-way pilot. :(

You don't adopt that as a tactic until you're running out of skilled & experienced pilots.
 

Belesari

New Member
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Indeed. cf the fate of Mrs Swerves oldest uncle, died young, many years before she was born, & commemorated at Yasukuni. One-way pilot. :(

You don't adopt that as a tactic until you're running out of skilled & experienced pilots.
Yes but you forget they have the most experienced carrier navy at there disposal to train them.
:D
 
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