iam also keen to know more about the capabilities of the SAUDI navy
The Royal Saudi Naval Force (RSNF) maintains the most capable GCC naval component both in terms of equipment and operating tempo.
Numbering a strength of 15,500 the RSNF relies heavily on foreign-sourced personnel to fill its ranks - Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Baluchi nationals forming the largest elements.
Split between two fleets - the Western Fleet is responsible for Red Sea Operations and Headquartered in Jeddah, this fleet deploys the most capable elements of the RSNF - namely all 7 frigates. The Jubail Headquartered Eastern Fleet operates in the Gulf and concentrates its strength on the smaller corvettes, Fast Attack Craft-(Missile) and nearly all of Saudi's Minesweeping capability.
The main doctrine and strategic priority for the RSNF has been maintaining free navigation through the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz (vital to the Gulf's oil-shipping routes). Despite the arrival of Iranian Kilo-Class SSKs however, the fact that the Gulf is a poor submarine-operating environment (at its maximum depth, the Gulf is less than 60 meters) has meant little concentration or investment in ASW capability here. Instead, countering mine-warfare is seen as the priority in the Gulf.
The same can not be said of the Red Sea however and keeping this sea lane open has taken on an increasing importance. With a maximum depth of 1000 meters, potential adversory submarines could operate easily and thus Saudi has felt the need to deploy its limited ASW assets to this area.
Increasing the RSNF ASW capability remains the major priority at this time.
Operating tempo is good by GCC/Arab standards and there has been a marked increase in joint exercises with other foreign navies - recent exercises have been held with the US, UK, France, other GCC nations and even ranged-deployments to Pakistan. The RSNF has also (slowly) begun to develop a long-ignored joint operating capability with the Royal Saudi Air Force - especially its AWACS assets. The RSNF is also blessed with a comprehensive C3I system and excellent shore facilities.
Some very significant problems do exist however. The main issue is manpower - recruiting and retaining skilled crews to serve on ever increasingly sophisticated ships is a major problem. Saudi has faced great problems putting its most effective units to sea with skilled crews. The heavy grounding of the newly commissioned F-3000S Frigate
Makkah underlined such problems. Short deployment tempos are also an issue - cruise deployments in the Gulf for example rarely last over 10 days. Shore-based skilled maintenance assets also hinder capability and certainly do not match the berthing facilities Riyadh has invested in.
A description of some of the RSNF's major units:
Al Riyadh Class (Type F-3000S) FFGHM Frigate - 3 in service.
The most advanced Saudi capital ships, the F-3000S is an expanded development of the French La Fayette Class displacing at a maximum of 4,650tons. Part of the 1989 Al Sawari II order, they carry Exocet Block II AShM; Aster 15 SAM; a 76mm OTO main gun with a further 2xGIAT 15B CIWS and ECAN F17P Torpedoes. A Europcopter Dauphin II helicopter is currently carried also, however provision in the design for NH-90. Sensors include the Thales DRBV26C Jupiter II air search radar and Thomson Marconi's CAPTAS 20 active sonar. The class is also network capable with the RSAF's E-3 AWACS.
Madina Class (Type F-2000S) FFGHM Frigate - 4 in service.
Ordered in 1980 as part Al Sawari I, these French-built frigates displace at just over 2800tons. Equipped with OTO Otomat Mk2 AShM; Crotale Naval SAM; one 100mm main gun and 4xBreda 40mm and ECAN F17P Torpedoes. One Europcopter Dauphin II helicopter can also deploy. Principle sensors are the Thomson-CSF Sea Tiger DRBV15 air search radar and Thomson Sintra Diodon TSM 2630 active sonar.
Badr Class Corvette - 4 in service.
These US-supplied corvettes were ordered in 1977 and form the backbone of Saudi's Gulf-based naval forces. Displacing at just over 1000tons, the Badr Class is equipped MDD Harpoon AShM; one OTO 76mm main gun; one 20mm Phalanx CIWS and a further 2 Oerkilon 20mm. One 81mm mortar and 2x40mm grenade launchers were fitted to counter Irainian Republican Guard speed boats. US Mk32 Torpedpoes are also carried as standard. A Lockheed SPS-40B air search radar and Raytheon SQS-56 active sonar provide the main sensors. No helicopters can be carried.
Al Siddiq Class PGGF - 9 in service.
Displacing at 495 tons, these US built patrol craft were ordered in 1977 and provide the most numerous Saudi combat element in the Gulf. Armed with MDD Harpoon AShM; one OTO 76mm main gun; one 20mm Phalanx CIWS and two Oerkilon 20mm. Like the Badr Class, they carryOne 81mm mortar and 2x40mm grenade launchers. Their principle sensor is the ISC Cardion SPS-55 surface radar.
Al Jawf (Sandown) Class MHC Coastal Minehunter - 3 in service.
The most capable minehunters in the region, the Al Jawf were ordered as part of Al Yamamah in 1988. With GRP hulls and remote-controlled mine detonating systems, the Al Jawf are possibly the most well-used ships in the fleet. Regular deployments in the Gulf with allied navies and also a recent deployment to exercise in Pakistan. Armament is limited to a twin 30mm cannon and the main sonar is a Plessey/MUSL Type 2093.