Todjaeger
Potstirrer
Was reading through the RAN category and spotted this post #712 and had some slightly different thoughts on it.
My main point of disagreement though is that an attack helicopter would fufil the role the Seasprite was (is?) supposed to play for the RAN.
As I see it, a ship-based, anti-surface roled helicopter is not the same thing as an attack helicopter, be it ship or land-based. As such, design elements of attack helicopters which assist them in carrying out attack missions can make no difference, or perhaps even hinder an ASuW helicopter.
With an attack helicopter, they are primarily going to be operating over land at relatively low altitude to take advantage of cover, engaging targets that frequently are going to be detected/located by other assets. As such, onboard sensors are of less importance relative to the amount and types of protection and armament carried.
In contrast, a naval helicopter would operate in a different environment and therefore in a different manner as well. These operate largely over open ocean or in littoral areas. I would also expect that they often operate at higher altitudes to allow onboard sensors a larger horizon to operate in. With this in mind, I would expect RCS reduction measures like tandem seating to be relatively limited, since there would be little or no ground clutter for the helicopter to be lost in and it would likely still be detected at long range. Also naval helicopters would have a large area to monitor/search and therefore sensors are likely to be more primary, or at least greater importance than is the case on an attack helicopter. A case in point would be the chin mounting, on naval helicopters there is frequently a search radar mounted there for visibility where as on an attack helicopter a gun mount is located. In addition, naval helicopters undertake other missions aside from just attack missions, like SAR and vertep operations nevermind ASW ops for those type naval helicopters.
As such I cannot see any type of attach helicopter replacing a naval helicopter, even for ASuW ops.
-Cheers
I have to agree that the whole Seasprite program has been a stuff up. Given what I have read, I come away with the feeling that the issues stem partially from the manufacturor, but mostly from Defence. What I hope is that the experience serves as a lesson for Defence in what not to do in terms of running defence programs. I can expand on what I mean if someone is interested.SH-2 Sea Sprite:
Oh lordy be. This has got to be the biggest train wreck I've ever seen, starting with one of the daftest decisions, and ending with an all out lose-lose legal battle.
Firstly, the requirement was for an "Attack" helicopter. Kaman trots out an absolute fiasco, hardly suited to attacking the weeds in my front garden. (I will shine a light on the obvious choices later; I gotta finish this first.) Australia says "Oh yeah, we could take this if (ticks everything on the options list, and adds a few more) it was like that".
Secondly, (as stated above) contracts should be "Deliver this, finished and working, then you get paid". This debacle has seen many frustrated and angry people in and out of the RAN. Contracts unfortunately don't always work that way, but next time I hope those who sign the cheques simply sort out the obligations of all involved before they start throwing money around.
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The role specified calls for an attack helicopter with the ability to categorise, identify, prioritise and prosecute surface targets. However, attack helicopters need a few more things than just that to be effective at their jobs:
They need a smaller radar and targeting cross-section;
They need a rugged and tough airframe;
They need the ability to engage multiple fast-moving targets;
They need the ability to engage all types of craft (including aircraft), and;
They require a capability to provide air cover for amphibious forces.
...They also need even more things, but I'm trying to limit myself here.
Let's examine these points.
Small cross section would entail a tandem seating arrangement, and an effort in construction. A flying barn door is pretty easy to hit, but if you take a look at normal land-attack helicopters they look skinny from the front, and not very bulbous. I shouldn't need to labour this point I suppose, but you get the idea.
Rugged and tough airframe. Okay, this is something I can't comment on specifically from the Sea Sprite, but I surely can tell you there are a lot of Cobra and Apache pilots out there who have flown a block of swiss cheese home and lived to tell the tale. I'd go with a proven airframe on this one, for sure. Something that has been shot at and still flew on many occasions.
Ability to engage multiple fast-moving targets. Penguin is not the weapon for this. Hellfire on the other hand, is. Combat has changed to the point where this is the likely scenario to be faced in certain areas of the globe.
Penguins are designed to smash a large Ro/Ro or container ship before it offloads on the northern reaches, or to cripple/sink an enemy weapons platform.
Small boats are not so easy, and at one or two Penguins per weapons loadout (as opposed to eight Hellfires) seems like overkill, but strangely not enough of it.
If you're using your door gunner to engage an enemy fast mover, I'm telling you that you are writing cheques you can't cash - If you are close enough to engage with a MAG 58 or a .50 Calibre, then you are close enough to be shot at by them with pretty much the same weapons, or worse still, any hand-held SAM you care to mention. Besides, door guns are not precision weapons, there is a little bit of "spray and pray" involved unless you are sitting nice and still. Anyone can tell you that's not a great idea, sitting side on to an enemy.
Ability to engage all types of craft (including aircraft). They should also be possibly fitted with AA missiles and a projectile weapon, to vastly increase flexibility.
A gimbal type arrangement with FLIR, Visual, radar overlay and threat detection similar to the venerable TADS makes the job of the TACCO a lot easier, faster and intuitive. Couple this to an underbelly gun (20mm is a good size for this, .50 Calibre may be just enough) that tracks the same (like most traditional attack helicopters), and you now have the ability to fire at or near enemy targets without throwing the entire book at them with a Penguin. Hey, the excuse "I only thought that helicopter was coming to look" even when the most aggressive flying is displayed, still could potentially fly in court. A quick 3 round burst from a 20mm, and all of a sudden there is absolutely no confusing intentions.
AA Missiles have been fitted to many attack helicopters in the past. FIM-92 Stingers are a common system to place on the outer hardpoints, and do not interfere with other weapons on board. Without this capability, there is a serious shortfall in self-defence.
Side note: There is still the possibility of fitting torpedoes to attack helicopters, and although you'd need to work out a cradle system, fitting a Mk 46 to an attack helicopter with the correct computers shouldn't be impossible. It wouldn't be a case of slapping one on the side and grabbing a beer, but if the requirement came about, then why not? On the flipside, anyone spending money on such a capability is ridiculously unlikely.
Capability to provide air cover for amphibious forces
Given the primary focus for the ADF is on amphibious operations, it stands to reason that any helicopter in the RAN would have to be called on to provide cover for such missions. Direct-fire precision targeted projectile weapons, fast response and sustainablity in combat are essential points here. Door gunners on any helicopter are woefully inadequate once trooops are on the ground and things get messy. Going back to the previous point, this is where a belly cannon that tracks with the sensors is the only way to go. Furthermore, the platform must be able to target and prosecute armoured vehicles, and respond to threats to itself. Therefore, ECM / ESM is a requirement, and an ability to respond in kind (Hellfire, cannon, rockets if need be). Placing trooops ashore now carries an additional supporting platform, and has a greater chance of success.
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Replacement: Let us cut the rubbish and get what we need - an attack helicopter.
My main point of disagreement though is that an attack helicopter would fufil the role the Seasprite was (is?) supposed to play for the RAN.
As I see it, a ship-based, anti-surface roled helicopter is not the same thing as an attack helicopter, be it ship or land-based. As such, design elements of attack helicopters which assist them in carrying out attack missions can make no difference, or perhaps even hinder an ASuW helicopter.
With an attack helicopter, they are primarily going to be operating over land at relatively low altitude to take advantage of cover, engaging targets that frequently are going to be detected/located by other assets. As such, onboard sensors are of less importance relative to the amount and types of protection and armament carried.
In contrast, a naval helicopter would operate in a different environment and therefore in a different manner as well. These operate largely over open ocean or in littoral areas. I would also expect that they often operate at higher altitudes to allow onboard sensors a larger horizon to operate in. With this in mind, I would expect RCS reduction measures like tandem seating to be relatively limited, since there would be little or no ground clutter for the helicopter to be lost in and it would likely still be detected at long range. Also naval helicopters would have a large area to monitor/search and therefore sensors are likely to be more primary, or at least greater importance than is the case on an attack helicopter. A case in point would be the chin mounting, on naval helicopters there is frequently a search radar mounted there for visibility where as on an attack helicopter a gun mount is located. In addition, naval helicopters undertake other missions aside from just attack missions, like SAR and vertep operations nevermind ASW ops for those type naval helicopters.
As such I cannot see any type of attach helicopter replacing a naval helicopter, even for ASuW ops.
-Cheers